Studied by 233 peopleJamestown
1607- The year this colony was founded as the first permanent English settlement.
The (first) great awakening
A series of religious revivals in the early 1700’s in America.
Anne Hutchinson
Banished from the Massachusetts colony she became the first puritan woman
Fundamental orders of Connecticut
Puritan plan of government in Connecticut adopted in 1639 as the first written constitution in North America.
Magna Carta
Signed in 1215 buy King John 1 of England and was the first document that limited power of trial by King John 1 of England and was the first documents that limited power of the ruler —gave the power of trials by Jury
William Penn
Quaker leader and founder of Pennsylvania
Mercantilism
An economic system in which England controlled the trade of the colonies.
Mayflower Compact
1620 — this document helped establish the idea of self government and majority rule in the Americas.
house of burgesses
First representative assembly in the colonies (Virginia
King George III
The British king during the American Revolution
Northwest Ordinance
1787, established a government for the NORTHWEST TERRITORY and described rules that a territory would follow in order to become a state.
Ben Franklin
Author, Publisher, Inventor and Diplomat
Sam Adams
Colonial leader who was successful in getting others to oppose the British during the American Revolution, Organizer of the committees of correspondence. Part of the sons liberty.
English Bill Of Rights
1689- English agreement they guaranteed certain rights to all englishmen… Influenced the American Bill Of Rights. Helped set up the representative Government.
Patrick Henry
A Virginia patriot and an important person in the American revolution who said, “GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!”
John Paul Jones
Father of the American navy who said, “I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT”
Declaration of Independence
1776- The year this document was created and signed, kicked off the American Revolution “BREAK UP LETTER”
Battle of Saratoga
BATTLE:1776, TURNING PONT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION when France joined the side of the colonists
Marquis de Lafayette
FRENCH hero of the American revolution and trusted advisor to George Washington
Battle of Yorktown
1781, LAST major battle of the AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Wentworth Chaswell
He fought at the battle of Saratoga; became the first elected African American in New Hampshire
Mercy Otis Warren
Stirred colonists against British policies with her writings; she is considered the “first lady” of the American Revolution.
James Armstead
An African American who became the first double spy in the American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
African American who was the first person killed at the Boston Massacre
Valley forge
The placee where general Washington spent the winter (1776)
civil disobedience
the refusal to Obey a Governmment Law or Laws as a means of passive Resistance because of one’s moral conviction or belief
Wife of John Adams (2nd President) and mother of JQ Adam’s (6th President); women’s rights advocate — “REMEMBER THE LADIES” letter to her husband John
Abigail Adams
Wrote common sense and the crisis to encourage American Independence
Thomas Paine
Rights that cannot be given up, taken away, or transferred… Life, Liberty, and the Persuit of happiness are some of those rights
Unalienable Rights
The idea that Government should be based on the consent of the governed.
republicanism
A Statement in which everyone, even elected officials MUST OBEY THE LAWS
Limited Government
The Secretary of the treasury who supported the national bank system. A Fedralist who wrote most of the Fedralist Papers.
Alexander Hamilton
—The Time Period when the CONSTITION was WRITTEN and RATIFIED.
Written - Drafted & Created Ratified/Ratification = Voted and approved into law.
1787-1788
1794 — This Rebellion takes place and allows the National Government to prove that it has the power to enforce the law.
The Whiskey Rebellion
First U.S Government; It was eventually a failure because IT CREATED A WEAK NATIONAL GOVERNMENT - Strong state Government.
Articles Of Confedration
Series of essays about the nature of government by ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JAMES MADISON, AND JOHN JAY. Argued for ratification of the US Constution.
Federalist Papers
A system of sharing power between the STATES and the NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.
Federalism
People who opposed RARIFCATION OF THE COSTUTION
Anti-Federalists
People who supported the RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION
Fedralists
Agreement reached during the CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION that created the American System of government (a 2 house congress with the lower house based on the population and the upper house with equal representation)
The Great Compromise
Agreement that the constutional convention that allowed slaves to count as 3/5th of a white person for represntation & Taxation.
The three-fifths compromise
The branch of govenment that ENFORCES the laws made by congress and is led by the PRESIDENT of the United States.
Executive Branch
The branch of government responsible for MAKING LAWS and is compromised of the senate and the house of represntatives
Legslative Branch
The branch of government that is responsable for INTERPTING THE LAWS FOR ITS CONSTITUTIONALITY and is compromised of the supreme court and lesser courts
Judicial Branch
The DIVISION of authority among the executive leglatlive and judicial branches of the US Government
Seperation of powers
A Group of voters chosen by each state to elect the president and Vice President
Electroial college
Those rights given to all under the bill of rights that cannot be taken away
Individual Rights
Insisted on the protection of individual rights in the constution leading to the creation of the bill of rights
George Mason
Each of the three branches of government that limits the power of the others
Checks and Balances
The Idea that the power of the states should not be trampled on by the national government
States’ Rights
Government in which the people have the power
Popular Sovereignty
To change
Amend
To Pass
Ratify
The first 10 amendments to the constitution and detail the protection of individual liberties
Bill Of Rights
Freedom Of Speech, Religion, press, right to assemble peacefully, and the right to petition
1st Amendment
Right to bear arms 🔫
2nd Amendment
No quartering of soldiers in private households during time of peace 🧑🏭🚫🏠
3rd Amendment
No unlawful search and seizure 👮♀️🔎🚫🏠
4th Amendment
Right to remain silent 🫢
5th Amendment
Right to a free and speedy trial by jury
6th Amendment
Jury trial in civil court 👨⚖️
7th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment / Bail and punishment
8th Amendment
Powers for the people (insurance clause)
9th Amendment
Powers reserved for the states (states rights or federalist clause)
10th Amendment
The year the MONROE DOCTORINE was written to establish that Europe should stay out of the Americas. (Westward Hemisphere)!
1823
Thomas Jefferson
The AUTHOR of the DECLORATION OF INDEPENDENCE and the 3rd PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
James Madison
Father of the American Constution and the Bill of Rights
George Washington’s Farewell Address
GIVEN AT THE RETIREMENT from public life; HE URGED AMERICA TO ALWAYS REMAIN NEUTRAL TO OTHER COUNTRIES. Did not want political parties
Alien & Sedition Acts
1798, PLACED RESTRICTIONS OF IMMIGRANTS in the country and RESTRICTED FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS for everyone.
The Monroe Doctrine
The doctrine ESTABLISHED THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES regarding the WESTERN HEMISPHERE
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court who handed down the decision in the case of Marbury V. Madison
Marbury V. Madison
1803, Supreme Court case that established the Idea of judicial Review
James Monroe
5th President of the United States and the Author of the Monroe Doctrine
Judicial review
The power of the Supreme Court to review laws and determine if they are constitutional or not
McCulloch V. Maryland
1819, Supreme Court case that said a state could not tax a national bank thus increasing the power of the national government
Gibbons V. Ogden
1824, Supreme Court case that said the federal government, not the states, had the power to regulate trade between the states
Missouri Compromise
Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state: prohibited slavery north of Missouri maintaining balance between free and slave states in congress.
1803
The year when the United States obtains the LOUSIANA PURCHASE from France and doubles the size of the country
John Quincy Adams
Was the son of John Adams (2nd President of the US) elected as the 6th president, but his presidency is concidered a failure because of his inabillity to understand the needs of the “Common Man”
Democracy
A form of government that is run for and by the people, giving the people the supreme power.
Andrew Jackson
7th President of the United States who opposed a system of National Banks proposed by Alexander Haminton
Jacksonian Democracy
The idea that as many people as possible should be able to vote (Not limiting sufferage to only the wealthy or well educated)
The Doctrine of Nullificaion
The idea that states had the right to reject any law passed by congress
John C. Calhoun
Vice President of the United States, creator of the Doctrine of Nullification, a strong supporter of states’ rights
Henry Clay
Politician known as “The great compromiser”
Spoils System
The practice of giving Government Jobs to Political Supporters
Tariff
Tax on imported goods (Goods brought into the country)
Manifest Destiny
Idea that America had a right to all of the land between the east and the West coasts.
Indian Removal Act
1830, Indians east of the Mississippi River were to moved to new lands in the west
Trail Of Tears
Forced journey of the Cherokee Indians in 1838 - 1839 from their land in the east to the west
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago
Ended the war with Mexico and the U.SS acquired the Mexican Cession
Free Enterprise
The freedom of Private Businesses to operate competitively for profit with Minimal government regulation
Henry David Thoreau
Author of the book Walden, who believed in the Transcendenntalism and civil rights
Elizabeth Cady Santon
Leader of movement to give women the right to vote
Seneca Falls Convention
1848, women’s right meeting which proclames “all men and women are created equal”
Temperance Movement
A campaign against the sale or drinking of alchohol
Transcendentalism
Belief that people are born with an inner sense that enables them to recognize moral truths
Sectionalism
A strong sense of loyalty to a state or section in staid of to the whole country
Protective Tariff
Tax placed on goods from another country to protect American manufactuers
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin which made the production of cotton cheaper and created a larger demand for slaves — introduced interchangeable parts as well
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