History Facts 1-118 (Updated 3/28/2023)

Jamestown

1607- The year this colony was founded as the first permanent English settlement.

The (first) great awakening

A series of religious revivals in the early 1700’s in America.

Anne Hutchinson

Banished from the Massachusetts colony she became the first puritan woman

Fundamental orders of Connecticut

Puritan plan of government in Connecticut adopted in 1639 as the first written constitution in North America.

Magna Carta

Signed in 1215 buy King John 1 of England and was the first document that limited power of trial by King John 1 of England and was the first documents that limited power of the ruler —gave the power of trials by Jury

William Penn

Quaker leader and founder of Pennsylvania

Mercantilism

An economic system in which England controlled the trade of the colonies.

Mayflower Compact

1620 — this document helped establish the idea of self government and majority rule in the Americas.

house of burgesses

First representative assembly in the colonies (Virginia

King George III

The British king during the American Revolution

Northwest Ordinance

1787, established a government for the NORTHWEST TERRITORY and described rules that a territory would follow in order to become a state.

Ben Franklin

Author, Publisher, Inventor and Diplomat

Sam Adams

Colonial leader who was successful in getting others to oppose the British during the American Revolution, Organizer of the committees of correspondence. Part of the sons liberty.

English Bill Of Rights

1689- English agreement they guaranteed certain rights to all englishmen… Influenced the American Bill Of Rights. Helped set up the representative Government.

Patrick Henry

A Virginia patriot and an important person in the American revolution who said, “GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!”

John Paul Jones

Father of the American navy who said, “I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT”

Declaration of Independence

1776- The year this document was created and signed, kicked off the American Revolution “BREAK UP LETTER”

Battle of Saratoga

BATTLE:1776, TURNING PONT OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION when France joined the side of the colonists

Marquis de Lafayette

FRENCH hero of the American revolution and trusted advisor to George Washington

Battle of Yorktown

1781, LAST major battle of the AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Wentworth Chaswell

He fought at the battle of Saratoga; became the first elected African American in New Hampshire

Mercy Otis Warren

Stirred colonists against British policies with her writings; she is considered the “first lady” of the American Revolution.

James Armstead

An African American who became the first double spy in the American Revolution

Crispus Attucks

African American who was the first person killed at the Boston Massacre

Valley forge

The placee where general Washington spent the winter (1776)

civil disobedience

the refusal to Obey a Governmment Law or Laws as a means of passive Resistance because of one’s moral conviction or belief

Wife of John Adams (2nd President) and mother of JQ Adam’s (6th President); women’s rights advocate — “REMEMBER THE LADIES” letter to her husband John

Abigail Adams

Wrote common sense and the crisis to encourage American Independence

Thomas Paine

Rights that cannot be given up, taken away, or transferred… Life, Liberty, and the Persuit of happiness are some of those rights

Unalienable Rights

The idea that Government should be based on the consent of the governed.

republicanism

A Statement in which everyone, even elected officials MUST OBEY THE LAWS

Limited Government

The Secretary of the treasury who supported the national bank system. A Fedralist who wrote most of the Fedralist Papers.

Alexander Hamilton

—The Time Period when the CONSTITION was WRITTEN and RATIFIED.

Written - Drafted & Created
Ratified/Ratification = Voted and approved into law.

1787-1788

1794 — This Rebellion takes place and allows the National Government to prove that it has the power to enforce the law.

The Whiskey Rebellion

First U.S Government; It was eventually a failure because IT CREATED A WEAK NATIONAL GOVERNMENT - Strong state Government.

Articles Of Confedration

Series of essays about the nature of government by ALEXANDER HAMILTON, JAMES MADISON, AND JOHN JAY. Argued for ratification of the US Constution.

Federalist Papers

A system of sharing power between the STATES and the NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.

Federalism

People who opposed RARIFCATION OF THE COSTUTION

Anti-Federalists

People who supported the RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION

Fedralists

Agreement reached during the CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION that created the American System of government (a 2 house congress with the lower house based on the population and the upper house with equal representation)

The Great Compromise

Agreement that the constutional convention that allowed slaves to count as 3/5th of a white person for represntation & Taxation.

The three-fifths compromise

The branch of govenment that ENFORCES the laws made by congress and is led by the PRESIDENT of the United States.

Executive Branch

The branch of government responsible for MAKING LAWS and is compromised of the senate and the house of represntatives

Legslative Branch

The branch of government that is responsable for INTERPTING THE LAWS FOR ITS CONSTITUTIONALITY and is compromised of the supreme court and lesser courts

Judicial Branch

The DIVISION of authority among the executive leglatlive and judicial branches of the US Government

Seperation of powers

A Group of voters chosen by each state to elect the president and Vice President

Electroial college

Those rights given to all under the bill of rights that cannot be taken away

Individual Rights

Insisted on the protection of individual rights in the constution leading to the creation of the bill of rights

George Mason

Each of the three branches of government that limits the power of the others

Checks and Balances

The Idea that the power of the states should not be trampled on by the national government

States’ Rights

Government in which the people have the power

Popular Sovereignty

To change

Amend

To Pass

Ratify

The first 10 amendments to the constitution and detail the protection of individual liberties

Bill Of Rights

Freedom Of Speech, Religion, press, right to assemble peacefully, and the right to petition

1st Amendment

Right to bear arms 🔫

2nd Amendment

No quartering of soldiers in private households during time of peace 🧑‍🏭🚫🏠

3rd Amendment

No unlawful search and seizure 👮‍♀️🔎🚫🏠

4th Amendment

Right to remain silent 🫢

5th Amendment

Right to a free and speedy trial by jury

6th Amendment

Jury trial in civil court 👨‍⚖️

7th Amendment

No cruel or unusual punishment / Bail and punishment

8th Amendment

Powers for the people (insurance clause)

9th Amendment

Powers reserved for the states (states rights or federalist clause)

10th Amendment

The year the **MONROE DOCTORINE** was written to establish that Europe should stay out of the Americas. (Westward Hemisphere)!

1823

Thomas Jefferson

The __**AUTHOR**__ of the __**DECLORATION OF INDEPENDENCE**__ and the __**3rd PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES**__

James Madison

Father of the American Constution and the Bill of Rights

George Washington’s Farewell Address

__**GIVEN AT THE RETIREMENT**__ from public life; __**HE URGED AMERICA TO ALWAYS REMAIN NEUTRAL TO OTHER COUNTRIES**__. Did not want political parties

Alien & Sedition Acts

1798, __**PLACED RESTRICTIONS OF IMMIGRANTS**__ in the country and __**RESTRICTED FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND THE PRESS**__ for everyone.

The Monroe Doctrine

The doctrine __**ESTABLISHED THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES**__ regarding the **WESTERN HEMISPHERE**

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court who handed down the decision in the case of Marbury V. Madison

Marbury V. Madison

1803, Supreme Court case that established the Idea of judicial Review

James Monroe

5th President of the United States and the Author of the Monroe Doctrine

Judicial review

The power of the Supreme Court to review laws and determine if they are constitutional or not

McCulloch V. Maryland

1819, Supreme Court case that said a state could not tax a national bank thus increasing the power of the national government

Gibbons V. Ogden

1824, Supreme Court case that said the federal government, not the states, had the power to regulate trade between the states

Missouri Compromise

Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state: prohibited slavery north of Missouri maintaining balance between free and slave states in congress.

1803

The year when the United States obtains the **LOUSIANA PURCHASE** from France and __doubles the size of the country__

John Quincy Adams

Was the son of John Adams (2nd President of the US) elected as the 6th president, but his presidency is concidered a failure because of his inabillity to understand the needs of the “Common Man”

Democracy

A form of government that is run for and by the people, giving the people the supreme power.

Andrew Jackson

7th President of the United States who opposed a system of National Banks proposed by Alexander Haminton

Jacksonian Democracy

The idea that as many people as possible should be able to vote (Not limiting sufferage to only the wealthy or well educated)

The Doctrine of Nullificaion

The idea that states had the right to reject any law passed by congress

John C. Calhoun

Vice President of the United States, creator of the Doctrine of Nullification, a strong supporter of states’ rights

Henry Clay

Politician known as “The great compromiser”

Spoils System

The practice of giving Government Jobs to Political Supporters

Tariff

Tax on imported goods (Goods brought into the country)

Manifest Destiny

Idea that America had a right to all of the land between the east and the West coasts.

Indian Removal Act

1830, Indians east of the Mississippi River were to moved to new lands in the west

Trail Of Tears

Forced journey of the Cherokee Indians in 1838 - 1839 from their land in the east to the west

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago

Ended the war with Mexico and the U.SS acquired the Mexican Cession

Free Enterprise

The freedom of Private Businesses to operate competitively for profit with Minimal government regulation

Henry David Thoreau

Author of the book Walden, who believed in the Transcendenntalism and civil rights

Elizabeth Cady Santon

Leader of movement to give women the right to vote

Seneca Falls Convention

1848, women’s right meeting which proclames “all men and women are created equal”

Temperance Movement

A campaign against the sale or drinking of alchohol

Transcendentalism

Belief that people are born with an inner sense that enables them to recognize moral truths

Sectionalism

A strong sense of loyalty to a state or section in staid of to the whole country

Protective Tariff

Tax placed on goods from another country to protect American manufactuers

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin which made the production of cotton cheaper and created a larger demand for slaves — introduced interchangeable parts as well