Unit 4 Political Geography Vocab

African Union

Supranational organization of African countries to increase trade

antecedent boundary

a boundary before human settlement; mountains

Arctic Council

supranational organization of countries that border the arctic circle

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Vietnam,Indonesia, Thailand; combine economies to compete with China

autonomous region

region inside of a country that has their own laws; Indian reservations

Berlin Conference

1887 European colonial powers dividing up African

centrifugal force

pushes people away; failed states, wars, natural disasters

centripetal force

pulls people; name some

choke point

narrow passage for global resources; Strait of Hormuz, Malacca, Suez Canal

colonialism

Western Europeans claiming territory outside of Europe;diffused European culture

consequent boundary

a boundary drawn to match EXISTING cultural groups

boundary definition

the negotiation of a boundary

boundary delimitation

drawing on the map

boundary demarcation

marking on the landscape

decolonization

after WWII the end of colonialism and imperialism

demilitarized zone

buffer zone between two fighting countries; no military stuff zone; N and S Korea DMZ

democratization

the diffusion of democracy

devolution

the transfer of power at the national level to regional governments

economies of scale

producing more lowers the cost

ethnic cleansing

the attempt to remove a minority ethnic group

ethno- nationalist movements

the movement of ethnic groups desiring self-determination

ethnic separatism

when an ethnic groups tries to break away and form their own territory

European Union

economic supranational organization of Europe; free trade open borders

exclusive economic zone

200 nautical miles of resource control

failed state

no longer functioning

federal state

has subnational political entities; states or provinces

geometric boundary

strait line boundary

gerrymandering

redrawing political districts to favor a political party

imperialism

expansion of European powers controlling Africa and Asia

independence movement

the organization of a group to break away

independent states

the building blocks of the contemporary world map (200 countries)

infrastructure development

states with good infrastructure are more politically stable

international waters

oceans past 200 nm EEZ

irredentism

a state tries to claim territory with their majority ethnic group

maritime boundary

ocean political boundaries

meridian line principle

not 200 nm in between two countries

military alliances

for protection; NATO

multinational state

more than one nation; duh

multistate nation

a nation that lives in many states; Germans, Koreans

nation

a group that wants self determination

nation-state

a state with only one nation; Japan

nation-state concept

the idea that people should be able to govern based on their culture

neocolonialism

periphery states are still controlled economically and culturally

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

military alliance US and Western Eruope

political effect of changes in communication technology

facilitates devolution, democratization, supranationalism

political entity

an area with a unique set of laws from surrounding area

reapportionment

reassignment political seas between states

redistricting

redrawing political districts based on population changes

relic boundary

no longer politically functioning; North and South Vietnam

self-determination

the desire to govern

semi-autonomous region

less control than autonomous regions

shatterbelt

culturally and politically fragmented because of outside forces; East Europe, Africa

sovereignty

the right to govern without outside interference

state

the territory

state fragmentation

states breaking into new political units

state disintegration

a state that no longer exists; Soviet Union, Yugoslavia

stateless nation

do not have their own territory; Kurds, Palesitnians

subsequent boundary

develops as two cultures growth closer over time; China and Vietnam

superimposed boundary

drawn by an outside force; Africa

supranationalism

the movement or more and more states forming alliances

supranational organizations

3 or more states form an alliance

territoriality

imposing cultural and economic systems on the landscape

territorial sea

12 nm absolute control

terrorism

violence to achieve a political goal

tariffs

taxes on imported goods

unitary state

centralized control over the entire state

United Nations

supranational organization of all (most) of the world’s states

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

sets maritime laws

voting district

about 700,000 people grouped with one representative

Spain

devolutionary forces; Catalonia and Basque regions

Belgium

Flanders and Wallons

Canada

English and Quebecois (French)

Nigeria

300 different ethnic groups; uneven development

Sudan

disintegrated state into North and South Sudan

Soviet Union

disintegrated state into Russia and 15 other states