Cardiovascular System

erthryro-

red

-cyte/-cyto

cell

leuko-

white

thromb-

clot

-penia

deficiency

anti-

against, noth

hemo/hemato

blood

poiesis-

to make

-blast

immature cell

pluri-

several

-potent

power

-stasis

standing still

-my/myo-

muscle

endo-

withinp

peri-

surrounding

epi-

above, upon

cardio-

heart

sept-

partition

eosin-

rosy

granulo-

small grain

vascul-

vessel

ven-

vein

athero-

plaque

Most numerous white blood cells (50-70%)

Neutrophils

2-4% of white blood cells

Eosinophils

Rarest white blood cells, less than 1%

Basophils

25% of white blood cells

Lymphocytes

3-8% of white blood cells

Monocytes

Multi-lobed nucleus

Neutrophils

Two-lobed nucleus

Eosinophils

Full of granules, one nucleus

Basophils

Large nucleus that takes up most of the cell

Lymphocytes

Have a U-Shaped or Kidney shaped nucleus

Monocytes

Attracted to sites of inflammation. Use phagocytosis to engulf bacteria.

Neutrophils

Use enzymes to digest parasitic worms (ex. tapeworms and flukes)

Eosinophils

Release histamine: an inflammatory chemical that attracts other white blood cells to the site of infection

Basophils

Release T-Cells and B-cells. Found in the lymph nodes.

Lymphocytes

Become macrophages: phagocytes that engulf viruses and other pathogens.

Monocytes.

Hemostasis

Means: blood halting. A series of reactions that stops the bleeding when a blood vessel wall breaks: provides time for the blood vessel to heal itself

What happens when a blood vessel breaks?

Collagen fibers are exposed, and proteins are released

What’s the first step of Hemostasis?

Vascular spasm.

What is the vascular spasm?

A response to released proteins. The smooth muscle in the wall of the blood vessel constricts (*greater tear= more proteins = more constriction)

What’s the purpose of the Vascular Spasm

Decreased blood loss for 20-30 minutes so that the next 2 steps can happen.

What’s the 2nd step of Hemostasis?

Platelet Plug Formation

What is platelet plug formation?

A platelet plug (*a temporary fix) that uses Von Willebrand factor to bind platelets to exposed collagen fibers.

What is the purpose of a platelet plug formation?

Because bound platelets activate and activate MORE platelets

What’s the 3rd step of Hemostasis?

Coagulation

What is Coagulation?

Blood clotting. The clotting factors do an “activation cascade” and eventually activate fibrin. Fibrin threads reinforce the platelets plug.

What is the purpose of coagulation?

A long-lasting fix that gives the blood vessel time to heal itself.

What blood type can A- recieve?

A-, O-W

What blood type can B- receive from?

B-, O-

What blood type can AB- receive from?

AB-, A, B-, O-

What blood type can O- receive?

O-

What blood type can A+ receive?

A+, A-, O-, O+

What’s blood type can B+ receive from?

B+, B-, O-, O+

What blood type can AB+ receive from?

AB+, A-, B-, AB-, O-, A+, B+, O+

What blood type can O+ receive from?

O+, O-

What blood type can A- donate to?

A-, AB-, A+, AB+

What blood type can B- donate to?

B-,B+,A-,AB-

What blood type can AB- donate to?

AB-, AB+

What blood type can O- donate to?

O-, A-, B-, AB-, A+, B+, AB+, O+

What blood type can A+ donate to?

A+, AB+

What blood type can B+ donate to?

B+, AB+

What blood type can AB+ donate to?

AB+

What blood type can O+ donate to?

O+, A+, B+, AB+