Psychopharmacology and Behavioral Strategies in Psychiatry

Mood stabilizer Lithium class

Antimanic Agents

Mood stabilizer Valproic Acid class

Fatty Acid Derivative

Mood stabilizer Lamotrigine class

Triazine Anticonvulsants

Mood stabilizer Haloperidol class

Miscellaneous Antipsychotic Agents

Mood stabilizer Apripiprazole class

Atypical Antipsychotics

Mood stabilizer Olanzapine class

Atypical Antipsychotics

Delusions

Alternations in thought (positive symptom) can be grandiose

Hallucinations

Seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting or feeling things that do not exist (positive symptom)

traditional antipsychotics

Haloperidol (Haldol)

Fluphenazine (Prolixin)

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

Atypical antipsychotics (posative and negative symptoms)

Risperidone (Risperdal)

Zisperidone (Geodon)

Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

medications for treating anziety disorders

SSRIs (Provac, Paxil, Zoloft, etc)

SNRIs (Venlafaxine)

Buspirone

Beta Blockers

Hydroxyzine

medication for panic disorder acute use only

Benzodiazepines (Ativan, Xanax, Klonopin)

mediation for OCD only

Omipramin- tricycline antidepressant

medication for PTSD nightmares only

Clonidine and prazosin - alpha blockers

medication for phobic diorders

none have been shown to be effective

What medication is a benzodiazepine used for withdrawal?

Lorazepam (Ativan)

What is an antipsychotic medication used for withdrawal?

Haloperidol (Haldol)

What is an alpha adrenergic agent used for withdrawal?

Clonidine

What anticonvulsant is used for withdrawal?

Valproic acid (Depakote)

What vitamins are given to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Thiamine and Folic Acid

how stress can impact health

Chronic stress stimulates the release of cortisol. Overtime, excessive cortisol exposure contributes to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system.

steps of involuntary admission

1. petition is filed

2. first cirtificate- 24 hour hold

3. second certificate- 7 days

4. hearing and order to determine stay

during the 7 days cannot be giving meds against will

duty to warn

A mental health clinician is required to breach confidentiality if a client poses an imminent threat to themself or to someone else.

What is countertransference?

The provider's emotional reaction to the patient based on the person's unconscious needs and conflicts.

How can countertransference impact a provider?

It can impact the provider's objectivity and decision-making.

Give an example of countertransference.

A provider feeling overprotective of a patient that reminds them of their child.

sympotoms of borderline personality disorder

Mood instability; difficulty regulating emotions

Unstable or unclear self-identity

Trouble maintaining relationships

Distorted or brief loss of reality-based thinking under stress

Impulsive or self-destructive behaviors

Intense fear of abandonment

Unstable, intense relationships (idealization → devaluation)

Rapid shifts in self-image, goals, and values

Stress-related paranoia or dissociation

Impulsive/risky behaviors (e.g., spending, sex, driving, substances)

Suicidal threats or self-harm tied to rejection fears

Mood swings lasting hours-days

Chronic feelings of emptiness

Inappropriate, intense anger

how to assess for delirium

CAM and CAMN-ICU

SqID

Mild Stage of Alzheimer's

short term memory is disturbed

Going to the grocery store but forgetting what to buy, Not how to get there.

Agnosia - loss of naming

Moderate stage of Alzheimer's

Impaired comprehension of spoken word

Remote and recent memory impairments

Abnormal visual-spatial function

Wandering

Severe stage of Alzheimer's

Memory is virtually untestable

Echolalia - repetition of words

Posture/gaited affected - stooped, shuffling, etc

Emaciated - thin or weak

Helpless - total care, incontinent

Emaciated, bedridden

stratagies for caring for someone with dementia

support the persons reality

respond calmly to agitation

use direction not redirection

communication tequniques- one thing at a time

fall risk without escalating agitation

diversioanl and engagment activities

toilieting and bowel program

minimize enviormental stress

prmote sleep hygine

pain assesment

comfoting care during procedures