ch 5 prequiz stuff

Alloy

A metallic substance that is composed of two or more

elements. Impurity atoms have been added intentionally.

Frenkel Defect

a pair made up of a cation vacancy and a nearby interstitial cation.

Lattice Site

the location of an atom in a lattice

Self Interstitial

an atom is crammed at an interstitial site, which is normally not occupied

Solvent

the element or compound that is present in the greatest amount. Dissolves a solute.

Anion

A negatively charged, nonmetallic ion.

Interstitial Site

the space between the atoms in a lattice

Point Imperfection (Defect)

A crystalline defect/disruption associated with one or a few atoms. There are four different types of point imperfections that involve the location and type of atom.

Solid Solution

A homogeneous crystalline phase that contains two or more chemical species. The addition of foreign atoms to a metal, which can make substitutional or interstitial solid solutions.

Substitutional Solute

when the foreign atom is at the lattice site and takes the place of a host atom

Cation

A positively charged metallic ion.

Interstitial Solute

the foreign atom is located at the interstitial site

Schottky Defect

In an ionic solid, a nearby anion and cation are missing/vacant.

Solute

an element or compound present in a minor concentration. Dissolved in the solvent.

Vacancy

a host atom is missing from a lattice site

Explain why point defects come in pairs for ceramics

Point defects come in pairs for ceramics because a point defect will result in a change/imbalance of charge, as ceramics are made of ions.

Describe (name and define) 4 types of point defects in metals

Vacancy, self-interstitial, substitutional solute, interstitial solute. SEE PREVIOUS DEFINITIONS:

Vacancy: a host atom is missing from a lattice site

Self-interstitial: an atom is crammed at an interstitial site, which is normally not occupied

Substitutional solute: when the foreign atom is at the lattice site and takes the place of a host atom

Interstitial solute: the foreign atom is located at the interstitial site