Lab Practical

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138 Terms

1
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What is the purpose of the second stop when using a micropipette?
This is the appropriate ending position for completely dispensing liquid from a micropipette tip
2
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What is the metric system prefix for 10^0
Base Unit
3
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What is the metric system prefix for 10^-3
Milli
4
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What is the metric system prefix for 10^-6
Micro
5
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What is the metric system prefix for 10^-9
Nano
6
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53 mg = How many grams?
0.053g
7
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Calculate the amount of grams of NaCl (58.44 g/mol) to prepare 2000 mL of 3M NaCl solution
350.64Ho
8
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How many moles are in 6L of a 1.5M KOH solution? (56.11 g/mol)
9
9
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The density of 2M NaCl is 1.077 g/mol. How much should 8mL of 2M NaCl weigh (round to 3 decimal places)
8.616
10
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How many moles are in 471 mL of a 2M KOH (56.11 g/mol) solution?
0.942
11
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What is the correct equation for calculation total magnification?
(Ocular mag) * (Objective mag)
12
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You are working with a microscope with 20x ocular lenses and the following objective lenses: 4x, 20x, 400x. Suppose the field of view on this micoscope is 0.5 mm at a total magnification of 400x. Calculate the field of view when using the 4x objective.
2.5
13
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A buffer is made up of:
A weak acid and its conjugate base
14
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Given a stock solution of 8M NaOH, calculate the milliliters of stock solution needed to prepare 1 mL of a 152 mM NaOH solution
0.019
15
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Water has a higher pH of lemon juice. What must be true regarding Water's concentration of hydrogen ions relative to lemon juice?
Water has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions than does lemon juice
16
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What property of water is the basis for the pH scale?
Water self ionizes
17
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What chemical in the reaction is the weak acid?
Na₂HPO₄ + H₂O ⇌ NaH₂PO₄ + OH⁻ + Na⁺
NaH₂PO₄
18
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What is the pH of a solution with a concentration of 0.00003871M hydrogen ions?
4.41
19
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Which molecule is more nonpolar?
Which molecule is more nonpolar?
Acetone is more nonpolar than ethanol
20
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How many polar areas are present that allow water to interact with other polar molecules?
How many polar areas are present that allow water to interact with other polar molecules?
3
21
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Given a stock solution of 9M NaOH, calculate the mL of stock solution needed to prepare 1 mL of a 168 mM NaOH
0.02 mL
22
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Biuret reagent is used in a colorimetric test that can determine protein concentration by spectrophoteometry. Biuret regent specifically reacts with the presence of what?
Peptide bonds
23
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Which test tube is the appropriate blank for a Biuret protein assay?
Which test tube is the appropriate blank for a Biuret protein assay?
Tube 2
24
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What reagent was used as an indicator to detect the presence of lipids?
Sudan IV
25
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What reagent was used as an indicator to detect the presence of carbs?
Benedict's Test
26
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What reagent is used as an indicator to detect the presence of nucleic acids?
Ethidium Bromide
27
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What reagent is used as an indicator to detect the presence of proteins?
Biuret reagent
28
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All polysaccharides are this type of sugar
Non-reducing
29
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What type of sugar is glucose?
Monosaccharide (reducing)
30
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What type of sugar is glycogen?
Polysaccharide (non-reducing)
31
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What type of sugar is starch?
Polysaccharide (non-reducing)
32
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What type of sugar is lactose?
Disaccharide (reducing)
33
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What type of sugar is galactose?
Monosaccharide (reducing)
34
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What type of sugar is sucrose?
Disaccharide (non-reducing)
35
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The only non-reducing disaccharide is?
Sucrose
36
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What is bond for nucleic acids?
Phophodiester
37
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What is bond for proteins
Peptide
38
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What is bond for lipids?
Ester
39
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What is bond for carbs?
Glycosidic
40
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What type of sugar is cellulose
Polysaccharide (non-reducing)
41
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Where will a noncompetitive inhibitor bind
Not to the active site
42
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In the enzyme activity exercise, match each reagent to its role

Enzyme sodium diphosphate
Product phosphatase
Substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate
Inhibitor p-nitrophenyl
Enzyme phosphatase
Product p-nitrophenyl
Substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate
Inhibitor sodium diphosphate
43
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Select all the correct answers. pH can disrupt the structure of a protein by interfering with?
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
44
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T/F Enzymes work by adding energy to the reaction
False
45
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The phosphatase enzyme used in lab consists of a single polypeptide chain. What is the highest level of organization displayed in this phosphatase enzyme?
Tertiary
46
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T/F Phosphatases are a group of enzymes that add a phosphate group from the substrate
False
47
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Why was the base sodium hydroxide added to the enzyme reaction mixture after incubation in the enzyme lab?
To ionize the product, producing a yellow solution
48
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A patient sample was found to contain 0.110 U/mL of alkaline phosphatase. Normal levels of alkaline phosphatase are between 30 and 120 U/L. Is this patient sample within the normal range?
Yes
49
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Digestion by pepsin will create:
Short peptides and amino acids
50
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When swallowing what structure covers the trachea?
EpiglottisW
51
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Food travels down what to the stomach?
Esophagus
52
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This is one of the end products of the reaction catalyzed by lipase
Fatty acid
53
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This reagent was used to detect the end product of the carbohydrate digestion reaction
Benedict-Q
54
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What is the end product of the carbohydrate digestion reaction catalyzed by amylase?
maltose
55
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Contractions of the longitudinal muscle layer in the intestines are responsible for moving food along the digestive tract. What is this process called?
Peristalsis
56
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Enzymatic digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of which enzyme?
Amylase
57
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What secrets amylase?
Salivary glands
58
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A synthetic cell is made of semi-permeable dialysis tubing and is filled with 10% sucrose. It is placed into a beaker containing 5% sucrose solution. What will happen to the cell?
The cell will gain weight as it takes on water
59
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Diffusion is:
Movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
60
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Urea is able to cross the cell membrane and therefore is a penetrating solute. What are the osmolarity and tonicity of solution with 0.5M Osm Urea? The osmolarity of a cell is 0.3 Osm.
Hyperosmotic, hypotonic
61
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Membranes are made up of many different compounds, like phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, etc. The ability of these components to move around one another is known as:
Fluid mosaic model
62
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How many grams of solute would you need to make 200mL of 19% (w/v) CaCO3 (100.09 g/mol)?
38
63
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Under the microscope, what did the cells who experienced lysis look like?
They were not there, they burst
64
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Spiky red blood cells are in what state of tonicity?
Crenation
65
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Neutral red is red under acidic conditions and yellow under basic conditions. In the positive control of the membrane integrity experiment, neutral red was added to a solution of yeast suspended in 1% sodium hydroxide. If you were to measure the pH of a solution, it would be basic and yet the solution turns red. Why?
The solution will turn red because neutral red is able to penetrate the cell membrane and the inside of the cell is acidic, even though the cell is in a basic solvent
66
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T/F The maltose transporter is an example of active transport, in which ATP is hydrolyzed in order to move maltose into the cell.
TrueW
67
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What is the substrate in the maltose transporter assay?
pNPalphaG
68
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The maltose transporter protein is what kind of carrier protein?
Symporter
69
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A molecule enters the cell through a transmembrane protein. The cell does not use ATP to import this molecule. What kind of transport is this?
Facilitated diffusion
70
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What are the 3 processes carried out by the nephron?
Filtration, secretion, reabsorption
71
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Smallest functional unit of the lung is called the: and is where gas exchange occurs
Alveoli
72
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The lungs expand when there is an increase or decrease in thoraric cavity?
Increase
73
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The lungs expand when this contracts
Diaphragm
74
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In the aerobic respiration experiment, the dependent variable is best described as?
The amount of light transmitted through DCPIP solution
75
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Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm
76
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DCPIP is clear in its _____ state?
Reduced
77
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Sequence the following structures to reflect the branching path of blood through the body beginning with air being taken in (Trachea, bronchi, Alveoli, Larynx, bronchioles, nares)
Nares
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
78
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Breathing in humans is the result of?
Negative pressure
79
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Where does fermentation occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm
80
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In the fermentation experiments the dependent variable is best described as?
Volume of CO2 gas produced
81
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For the yeast fermentation experiment, a mixture of yeast + glucose + water was incubated in the temperatures listed below. Match temperatures with expected outcome

0 C
22 C
45 C
100C

Maximum CO2 produced, optimal temperature
No Co2 produced, limited free energy
Small amount of CO2 produced, limited free energy
No CO2 produced, proteins denatured
0: No Co2 produced, limited free energy
22: Small amount of CO2 produced, limited free energy
45: Maximum CO2 produced, optimal temperature
100: No CO2 produced, proteins denatured
82
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Based on glycolysis and lactose intolerance, speculate what might cause trehalose intolerance. Lactaid is brand name product which contains the enzyme lactase. Trehalose is a disaccharide produced in some insects as energy storage
The experiments showed glycolysis does not occur significantly without lactase which breaks down lactose. Trehalose intolerance could occur if insects do not posess the proper enzyme to break down trehalose. There is nothing that cleaves the bonds of trehalose. However just like how lactase can be obtained in the form of lactaid, the enzyme that breaks down trehalose can likely be obtained in other ways
83
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Blood is sent from heart to body when muscles of the:
Ventricles contract
84
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Select all answers that are monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Sucrose
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
85
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Oxygenated blood travels from lungs to the heart via the:
Pulmonary vein
86
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During PCR, thermal cycler switches between three different temperatures. Match what occurs in the PCR reaction with the appropriate temperature

45C, 60C, 72C, 95C
Taq olymerase adds nucleotides to growing chain of replicated DNA
Double stranded DNA molecules come apart
Primers base pair and bind to their target sequence on DNA template
This is not a temperature used in PCR reaction
45C: Not used
60C: Primers base pair and bind to target sequence
72C: Taq polumerse adds nucleotides...
95C: Double stranded DNA comes apart
87
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Determine correct DNA sequence from the mRNA sequence:
3'-GGA-UAC-AGC-AGA-AAU-GCU-UUA-5'
5'-CCT-ATG-TCG-TCT-TTA-CGA-AAT-3'
88
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Transcribe the following DNA sequence to its corresponding mRNA:
AAATGCGCTA
UUUACGCGAU
89
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Where does translation occur?
At the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
90
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Gene is performing a DNA extraction but did not recover any DNA. He forgot the step where he was supposed to add the lysis buffer solution. How would this misstep result in a poor recovery of DNA?
Without the lysis buffer, the cells would be intact and the DNA will not be free in solution to be precipitated.
91
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Using mRNA sequence and codon chart pictured below, determine the first amino acid to be produced. You can assume the ribosome attaches directly before the shown nucleotide sequence begins.
mRNA sequence:
5'-UCA-AAG-AUG-CUC-GUA-UGA-AGA-CCA-3'
Met
92
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Assuming perfect efficiency, the number of PCR products present in solution doubles after each cycle of a PCR reaction. Given that 2⁵=32, explain why there will be more than 32 copies of PCR product after 5 cycles of PCR.
The PCR begins with multiple copies of the template DNA, so more than one PCR product is produced by the first cycle
93
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What is the function of the lacY gene?
Transports lactose into the cell
94
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Describe how negative regulation of the lac operon is relieved when lactose is encountered. Specifically mention key molecules involved.
Negative regulation is when the repressor Lacl binds to the operator preventing lac expression. Lactose interacts with LacZ (beta-galactosidase) to create allolactose which binds to the repressor causing the repressor not to be able to bind to the operator.
95
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T/F Large DNA molecules travel further than small DNA molecules during electrophoresis
False
96
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In an electrolytic cell type, the anode has a ___ charge?
Positive
97
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What is function of loading dye?
Binds to DNA sample, increasing density
98
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T/F Operons are units of linked genes and their regulatory elements
99
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An induced enzyme produced by cells only in the presence of a specific chemical, called the ___
Inducer
100
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What does the Lacl protein (repressor) physically do to prevent expression of the lac operon?
Binds to the operator, preventing the ribosome from binding or progressing past the promoter.