APUSH Reconstruction

Reconstruction Plans: Lincoln

Details/Provisions

The Ten-Percent Plan:

Pardon all -, with the exception of high ranking Confederate -

Require Southerners to take an - of allegiance to the Union (in order to receive -)

After - of a state’s registered voters took the oath, it could form a

-- & - the Union

“With malice toward none, with charity for all…”

Southerners, officials, oath, pardon, 10%, new government, reenter,

Reconstruction Plan: Lincoln

Impact/Significance:

The Ten-Percent Plan:

Angered - - who felt that Lincoln’s plan was TOO -, especially in addressing the needs of - -.

radical Republicans, LENIENT, former slaves

Reconstruction Plan: Wade-Davis Bill

Details/Provisions:

Proposed by - - in response to Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan

Stated that - should be in charge of Reconstruction (instead of the President)

Required - of registered voters to take an “iron-clad” - of allegiance

Impact/Significance

Pocket - by President -

radical Republicans, Congress, 50%, oath, vetoed, Lincoln…

Reconstruction Plan: Johnson

Details/Provisions

Also known as Presidential

Reconstruction (enacted after

Lincoln’s assassination):

Pardon all - with the exception of high ranking -

Southern states MUST:

Withdraw -

Swear allegiance to -

Pay off all Civil War -

Ratify the - Amendment

Southerners, officials,

secession

Union

debt

13th

Reconstruction Plan: Johnson

Impact/Significance

- - were FURIOUS with President - plan

Felt that it was too - & that it failed to address the

needs of - -.

List the needs of former slaves:

Radical Republicans, Johnson’s, lenient, former slaves,

(land, voting rights & protection under the law)

Reconstruction Plan: Congressional

Details/Provisions:

Did not recognize the - - formed under Lincoln and/or Johnson

Divided the former Confederate states into # - -

Required NEW - -

The new constitutions HAD to include - -, as well as the ratification of the - and - amendment

state governments, 5 military districts, state constitutions, black suffrage, 13th, 14th

Reconstruction Plan: Congressional

Impact/Significance

Johnson DID NOT support or enforce - -.

Led to his -.

Congressional Reconstruction, impeachment

Reconstruction: Society

Physical & Economic Devastation

The value of property -

Confederate money was -

Farms were -

No reliable source of -

Southerners from - - - were - than ever before

plummeted, worthless, destroyed, labor, all social classes, poorer

Reconstruction: Society

Republicans attempted to - the south through - - -

Built -, - and -

Established - and - -

Created - - -

Problem with public works?

Very -; led to increased -

Northerners were reluctant to - in the south

aid, public works programs, roads, bridges, railroads, orphanages, mental institutions, public school systems, EXPENSIVE, taxes, invest

Reconstruction: Politics

Scalawags:

- - who joined the - - after the Civil War

Motives

Believed that the - - was the south’s - chance in terms of - & -

Wanted to improve their - & - statuses

White Southerners, Republican Party, Republican Party, BEST, rebuilding, industrializing, social, economic

Reconstruction: Politics

Carpetbaggers:

- who moved to the - after the Civil War

Motives

Some were - - -, -, and - who felt a - duty to help former -

Others saw - opportunity in the war-torn South

Northerners, South, Freedmen’s Bureau agents, teachers, ministers, moral, slaves, economic

Reconstruction: Challenges

Voting Rights:

Fifteenth Amendment:

Granted all - - with the right to -; comprised the largest group of southern -.

Migration:

For the first time ever, - - & - could travel without -

Moved away from - areas and into the - where - could be found more easily

black men, vote, Republicans, black men, women, permits, rural, cities, jobs

Education:

Most former slaves were -

Began to seek - and - during Reconstruction

The - - established hundreds of -; eventually led to the establishment of - -.

illiterate, education, training, Freedmen’s Bureau, schools, black colleges

Reconstruction: Challenges

Anti-Segregation Laws

From - to - there were a number of - laws passed in the United States

Unfortunately, most of these laws were - -.

As a result, most - men & women concentrated their efforts on building a - -, rather than - to a white one

1866, 1877, anti-segregation, NOT enforced, black, black community, assimilating

Reconstruction: Economic Hardships

“4o Acres and a Mule”

A compensation program that was intended to help former slaves get on their feet after the Civil War

Former - were granted - acres of land, as well as a -

As a result, approximately - former slaves settled on - acres of land in - - and - -

slaves, 40, mule, 40,000, 500,000, coastal Georgia, South Carolina,

Reconstruction: Economic Hardships

In -, (name) did away with “40 Acres and a Mule”

Forced the former slaves - the land

Ordered that the original landowners be allowed to - their land

Led to an UPROAR in the - Party…

1865, Andrew Johnson, off, reclaim, Republican

Reconstruction: Economic Hardships

Restoration of Plantations

The former planter class wanted to restore the - -

In order to make the plantation system work, the former planters needed complete - over their laborers

How?

Due to Andrew Johnson’s - to 40 Acres and a Mule, black men no longer possessed their - land

As a result, many of these people were forced to sign - - with former planters

plantation system, control, response, own, labor contracts

Reconstruction: Economic Hardships

Sharecropping

A system in which a landowner divided his land and gave workers (either - - or - - -) a few acres, along with seed and tools

At harvest time, each worker gave a - of his - (usually 50%) to the landowner

As a result, many men become - within the system

“Slavery without slavery”

former slaves, poor white men, share, crop, trapped

Reconstruction: Economic Hardships

Tenant Farming

In theory, - who were able to save - & buy their own - could drive a better bargain with landowners

At that point, they may be able to - from the planters & keep - of their harvest…

Unfortunately, this - happened and - - generally fell into a cycle of -.

sharecroppers, money, tools, rent, ALL, rarely, tenant farmers, poverty

Opposition: The Ku Klux Klan:

The Ku Klux Klan was established in (Year) by (name).

(Where)?

“AYAK? AKIA...”

With increased membership, the Klan launched a “ - - -” against - -, both - and -.

Wanted to restore - by controlling the status of - -.

Nathan Bedford Forest, 1866, Pulaski, Tennessee

reign of terror, Republican leaders, black, white, white supremacy, former slaves

Opposition: The Ku Klux Klan:

As a result of increased Klan -, Congress passed the - -.

Enforcement Acts of (year) & (year)

Established - - of - -.

Allowed the president to use - - in areas where the - was active

membership, Enforcement Acts, 1870, 1871,

federal supervision, Southern elections,

federal troops, Klan

Scandal: Credit Mobilier Scandal

During the (year)s & (year)s, the Credit Mobilier Construction Company skimmed - off the top of a - - -.

Also provided cheap - - - to members of - who promised additional - -.

The scandal involved several - - including Grant’s Vice President, - -

Significance?

1860s, 1870s, profits, government railroad contract,

shares of stock, Congress, financial support,

Republican figures, Schuyler Colfax

Scandal: The Whiskey Ring:

- workers & other - - accepted bribes from - - who wanted to avoid paying - on their -.

Cost the federal government - of dollars

The scandal involved several - - including Grant’s - - -.

Significance?

IRS, government officials, whiskey distillers, taxes, product.

millions

Republican figures, White House Secretary

Scandal: The Panic of 1873:

Post-Civil War economic expansion led to the belief that the - - - would continue -.

Investors borrowed - amounts of -, thus accumulating large amounts of -.

Catalyst of the Panic:

In (year) the nation’s largest dealer of - - declared -.

Began a chain reaction of - - throughout the country...

PANIC!!!

positive economic trend, indefinitely,

increasing, money, debt,

1873, government securities, bankruptcy

financial failures

The (NAME) Case (year):

The - - decided that the - amendment

protected only those rights that people had by virtue of their - in the United States

 Example

-

Therefore, - - were obtained through - -, as opposed to - -.

As a result, - - were NOT protected by the 14th amendment

Slaughterhouse, 1873

Supreme Court, 14th, citizenship

Interstate trade

civil rights, state citizenship, federal citizenship, civil rights

U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876):

Ruled that the - amendment DID NOT provide the - - with the power to punish individual - who oppressed -.

14th, federal government, whites, blacks

U.S. v. Reese (1876):

Ruled that the - amendment did not grant - rights to any specific group of people

It only - certain types of voter -.

15th, voting, restricted, discrimination

Support Fades: Northern Support:

Due to the corruption in the - - & various - -, Northerners grew tired of - and its -.

At this point, most - had a greater desire for - - than ever before

Republican Party, economic troubles, Reconstruction, policies,

Northerners, national reconciliation

Support Fades: Republican Support Changes in Republican opinion...

At this point in time, a number of - believed that the - - was incapable of imposing the - and - changes that were needed in order for - - to make progress in the -...

Developed a “- -” attitude...

Republicans, federal government, moral, social, former slaves, South,

why bother

Support Fades: “Redemption”

Between - & -, and as a result of the fading support for -, the - Party recaptured the - - of the -.

Known as - -.

Marked the end of - and the beginning of the “- -”

1869 & 1875, Reconstruction, Democratic, state governments, South

Southern Redemption,

Reconstruction, Solid South,

Placeholder -ok-

ok

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: The Railroad

The rise of the “- -”

Following the Civil War, many Americans began to move -…

The growth of - quickened this migration

Most people who moved west were [insert]

Iron Horse, West, railroads,

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: The Railroad

The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in (year); built in large part by - -

(City) to (City)

Joined the - - - with the - - -

greatly impacted travel from - to -

1859, Chinese immigrants, Omaha Nebraska, Sacramento California, Union Pacific Railroad, Central Pacific Railroad, east, west

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: Settlement

The Homestead Act (year)

A law that encouraged the settlement of the - -

Provisions: An individual could obtain a - of land as long as they did the following…

Filed an -

- the land

Filed for a - ($##)

Became known as “-”

1862, Great Plains, plot, application, Improved, deed, 10, homesteaders

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: Settlement

Four things drew settlers to the - -:

The Homestead Act allowed people to - their own -

The land was - and -

The land was - without any major mountains

The development of the - - made - easier

Central Plains, own, land, rich, fertile, flat, steel plow farming

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: Conflict:

The flood of people moving west angered many of the - - who lived in the -

To make room for - -…

Herds of - were killed

Many Native Americans were placed on -

Native Americans, Plains, white settlers, Buffalo, reservations

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: Conflict:

These tensions eventually led to the “- -”

A series of clashes that resulted in numerous - throughout the late (years)

The Sand Creek Massacre (1864):

Cheyenne & Arapaho (Colorado)

The Battle of the Hundred Slain / The Fetterman Massacre (1866): (Dakota Territory)

Sioux

The Massacre at Wounded Knee Creek (1890)

Sioux

Indian Wars, massacres, 1800s

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: Conflict:

After a series of -, the - - tried to step in & settle disputes between - - and - - by creating the - - - in -

Attempted to end - by creating new - specifically for the - -

These lands were known as -

massacres, federal government, U.S. settlers, Native Americans, Indian Peace Commission, 1867,

conflicts, lands, Native Americans, reservations

The Gilded Age: The “Wild” West

The Old West: Conflict:

The Dawes Act (year)

Attempted to assimilate - - into - -

Americanization

Examples?

This law led to the creation of “- -” in what is today the state of -

1887, Native Americans, American Society, Indian territory, Oklahoma,

The Battle of Little Big Horn (year)

One of the most famous - in U.S. history

[tribe] and [tribe]

Crazy Horse & Sitting Bull versus Lieutenant - - - & The U.S. - army

Became known as - - -

1876, massacres, Sioux, Cheyenne, Colonel George Custer, 7th, Custer’s Last Stand