light Reactions

Stomata

pores emended in the epidermis of a plant leaf with regulated openings comprised of a pair of guard cells that control the amount of gas/H2O exchange in/out of a leaf ( would be like the matrix)

Mesophyll

internal tissue, which in a leaf is comprised of cells containing many chloroplasts

Epidermal Cells

General term for the tissue on the surface of a multicellular organism

Where does photosynthesis occur

Epidermal Cells or chloroplast

What is photosynthesis

Process where plants convert Co2 into Sugar.

Thylakoid

membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur.

Thylakoid lumen

Inside of thylakoid

Stroma

Inside of chloroplast but outside of lumen

Granum

A stack of thylakoids

What is the relationship between form and function in photosynthesis

Depending on where a plant in located their form may be different depending on the function they need to perform (example a plant in the shade will have the stomata on the underside of the leaf

When the stomata’s guard cell is open it is called

Turgid

Chlorophyll

Is only found in plant eukaryote organisms. It’s a double membrane structure with double folds. Similar to mitochondria

Chloroplast

Comprised of a thylakoid and membrane stacks that will anchor photosynthesis apparatus

The light reactions

Generates ATP or energy and electrons that are then used to fix carbon. Also where o2 is made. Water is split to make o2 and hydrogens

Light independent reactions or Calvin cycle

Purpose is to take carbon dioxide and to fix it into sugar.

I carbon of co2 and crate a 6 carbon molecule

Where do the electron come from for the light independent reactions

Water in the light dependent reactions

What happens to the inputs during the Calvin cycles

They are reformed at the end of the Calvin cycles to be used again

In photosyntheses H2O is _____ and CO2 becomes _______.

Oxidized/reduced

Photosynthesis is what type of reaction

Endergonic because it requires an input of energy

Do all pigments absorb light

Yes but not all transfer electrons

resonance energy transfer

Transferring energy from one excited molecule to another with no physical exchange of electrons

What does chlorophyll A do during Resonance energy transfer

It destabilizes to strip an election off of water to be able to form o2

Where is the only place that water splits in the thylakoids

Complex two or photosystem two

What are the two sources of protons

Splitting water and moving electron from ps 2 to ps 1

What type of reaction is the light independent reactions

Endergonic when light is added and exertion is the rest of the time

What is the Z-Scheme

When chlorophyll goes from a ground state to an excited state.

What are the inputs of light dependent reactions

Light, water and NADP+, ADP

What are the outputs of light dependent reactions

NADPH, 2 protons and O2, ATP

Chlorophyll is a membrane bound protein

False chlorophyll is a pigment

What are the input of the Calvin cycle

CO2, ATP, NADPH, and 6RuBP

What are the outputs of the Calvin cycle

ADP, NADP+, 6RUBP, C6H12O6

What type of reaction is the Calvin cycle

Endergonic reaction

How many times do you turn the Calvin cycle to get a whole sugar

A full 6 turns

Where does the Calvin cycles occur

In the stoma of the chloraplast