APUSH U3 Terms Quiz

Manifest Destiney 1845

• the idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America

• inspired a variety of measure designed to remove or destroy the native population

• everything between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans should be part of the U.S.

Abe Lincoln

• built republican party into a strong national organization

• rallied northern democrats to the union cause

• issued the emancipation proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy (1863)

William T. Sherman

• american civil war general and a major architect of modern warfare

• led union forces in pushing campaigns through the south, marching through Georgia and the Carolinian (1864-65)

• goal was to destroy the army of Tennessee, capture Atlanta and cut off vital confederate supply lines

Mexican Cession 1848

• refers to the lands ceded or surrendered to the united states by mexico at the end of the Mexican-American war

• the territory became the states of California, Nevada, Utah and Arizona

Missouri Compromise 1850

• permitted slavery in Washington dc, but outlawed the slave trade

• added Cali to the union as a “free state” established Utah and new mexico as territories that could decide via popular sovereignty if they would permit slavery

Wilmot Proviso 1846

• important congressional proposal in the 1840s to prohibit the extension of slavery into the territories

• a plank upon which republican party was built

• an attempt to ban slavery in territory captured from mexico after the mexican-american war

• introduced by David Wilmot

Bleeding Kansas 1854-58

• three distinct political groups occupied Kansas: pro-slavery, free-staters and abolitionists

• violence broke out immediately between these opposing factions and continued until 1861 when Kansas entered the union as a free state on jan29

• abolitionists and pro-slavery settlers fought about whether Kansas would be a free or slave trade

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• harriet beecher stowe

• shared ideas about the injustices of slavery, pushing back against dominant cultural beliefs about the physical and emotional capacities of black people

• signified the destructive power of slavery and the ability of christian love to overcome it

Compromise of 1850

• called for the admission of cali as a “free state” provided for a territorial gov for utah and new mexico

• established a boundary between Texas and the us

• called for the abolition of slave trade in Washington dc

• amended the fugitive slave act

Fugitive Slave act 1793 and 1850

• required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

• made federal gov responsible for finding, returning, and trying escaped slaves

Republican party 1854

• founded in northern united states by forces opposed to the expansion of slavery, ex-whigs, and ex-Free Soilers

• quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party and briefly popular know nothing party

• stop spread of slavery into western territories

Emancipation proclamation 1863

• declared that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are free

• if the rebels did not end the fighting and rejoin the union, all slaves in those states would be free

Border States 1861-65

• slave states that did not secede from the union

• delaware, Md, Kentucky, Missouri, and West VA

• slave-holding states who didn’t support abe lincoln

• they believed in a string federal union and remained a part of the us, hoping to compromise

Sharecropping

• system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop

• it encouraged tenants to use work to produce the biggest harvest that they could

• ensured they would remain tied to the land and unlikely to leave for other opp

Tenure of Office Act 1867-87

• a U.S. federal law, intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the us senate

• law was enacted over veto of Presi Andrew Johnson

Redeemer governments 1870s

• southern wing of the democratic party, wanted to remove republicans from power

• sought to regain their political power and enforce white supremacy

• their policy of redemption was intended to oust the radical republican, a coalition of freedmen, “carpetbaggers” and “scalawags”

• return of white supremacy and removal of rights for blacks

Compromise of 1850

• called for the admission of cali as a free state

• provided for a territorial gov for utah and new mexico

• established a boundary between texas and the us

• called for the abolition of slave trade in washington dc

• amended fugitive slave act

Plessy v Ferguson 1896

• provided legal justification for segregation

• allowed states to make laws that discriminated against us citizens simply because of the color of their skin

• separate but equal allowed jim crow laws to exist

Jim Crow

• state and local laws introduced in the southern U.S.

Black Codes 1865

• this and jim crow laws passed at diff period in the southern us to enforce racial segregation and curtail the power of black voters

• after civil war, some states passed black codes that severely limited the rights of black people, many of whom had been enslaved

KKK 1866

• southern establishment of white men took charge by passing discriminatory laws known as the black codes

• terrorized black people and people who weren’t white and protestant

2nd party system 1828-52

• Democratic party-Andrew Jackson

• Whig party-Henry Clay

• Whig party was made up of members of the National Republican party and other people who opposed Jackson

Gadsden purchase 1853

• james gadsden arranged the purchase of a strip of land just south of the Mexican cession for $10 mill

• the purpose was so they could build a railroad to cali

• provided land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered after the mexican american war

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

• the united states and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana purchase

• Spain surrendered its claims to the pacific northwest

• in return the us recognized Spanish sovereignty over Texas

Bear Flag Republic 1846

• cali republic

• an unrecognized breakaway state from mexico

• in 1846 controlled an area north of san franciso

• a revolt by american settlers in mexico-controlled cali

• settlers took control of the garrison of sonoma and imprisoned a Mexican general before hoisting a white flag displaying a grizzly bear and declaring an independent republic of cali

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• repealed the missouri compromise

• created two new territories

• allowed for popular sovereignty

• produced a violent uprising as pro slavery and antislavery activists flooded into the territories to sway the vote

• allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new states border

Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858

• 7 debates between democratic douglas and republican abe lincoln during the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign

• largely concerning the issue of slavery extension into the territories

• debate about slavery

Dred Scot v Sandford 1857

• us supreme court stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the us and therefore could not expect any protection from the federal gov or the courts

• the opinion also stated that congress had no authority to ban slavery from a federal territory

• declared Missouri compromise to be unconstitutional

1st Bull Run/Manassas 1861

• cost 3,000 union causalities, compared with 1,750 for the confederates

• its outcome sent northerners who had expected a quick victory and gave rejoicing southerners a false hope that they themselves could pull off a swift victory

• helped boost southern morale and made the north realize that this would be a long war

Charles Sumner

• an american lawyer, politican, and statesman who represented Massachusetts in the us senate

• a leasing american advocate for the abolition of slavery

• speech “:crime against Kansas” in which he railed against the institution of slavery

Thaddeus Stevens

• ardent abolitionists who championed the rights of blacks for decade

• with other radical republicans, he agitated for emancipation, black fighting units, and black suffrage

• battled for freedmen s rights and insisted on stern requirements for readmission of southern states into the union after the civil war

54th MA Regiment

• first regiment of African american from the north to serve during the civil war

• bravely assaulted battery Wagner in Charleston harbor

• their bravery increased northern efforts to enlist African american

• they fought without pay rather than accept less than white soldiers

• they also led the assault on fort Wagner

Robert E. Lee

• a confederate military general

• his effort to reunite the country following the civil war

• battles include second manassas (bull run), Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville

• battle of gettysburg marked lees last major campaign on northern soil

U.S. Grant

• commanding general, he led the union armies to victory over the confederacy in the american civil war

• later elected presi and worked to implent congressional reconstruction and to remove the vestiges of slavery

• unconditional surrender grant

Fort Sumter 1861

• forces from the confederate states of america attacked the us military garrison at fort sumter, south Carolina

• the fort surrendered less than two days

• the battle, however started the civil war

• purposely build to protect the Charleston harbor

• troops commanded by major Anderson

Antietam 1862

• bloodiest day in american history-hope for freedom

• ended the Confederate army of northern Virginians first invasion into the north and led abe lincoln to issue the preliminary emancipation proclamation

• major turning point in unions favor

Gettysburg 1863

• the turning point of the civil war

• robert e less plan to invade the north and force an immediate end to the war failed

• bloodiest battle

• ended Confederates army northward advance

Vicksburg 1863

• the campaign by union forces to take the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg Mississippi

• a union victory during the american civil war that divided the Confederacy and cemented the reputation of union us grant

John Brown 1859

• wanted to abolish slavery

• led 21 men on a raid of the federal arsenal at harpers ferry VA

Appomattox court house 1865

• marks the beginning of the country’s transition to peace and reunification following four years of civil war

• site where robert e lee (commander of all Confederate forces) surrendered to ulysses s grant

The alamo 1836

• battle

• part of texas revolution in which the mexican state of texas won independence and became a self-governing republic: texas