AP AFAM Middle Unit 2 Test

Lemuel Haynes

• key figure in American revolution

• fostered support for war against the British by preaching and writing about freedom and equality

• believed fight for independence includes everyone - slaves too

James Armistead

• key figure in American revolution

• Enslaved spy for the continental army

• Denied freedom after the war bc he wasn't technically listed as a soldier since he was a slave

• Caused public outcry since he risked his life for his nation's independence just to not even be granted freedom

Crispus Attucks

• key figure in American revolution

• Important figure in start of american revolution

• First killed in boston massacre

Lord Dunmore Proclamation-impact

• encourages slaves to escape and join the British army in exchange for freedom

• increased fear of slave uprisings in south

• pushed white colonists to support independence

Impact of revolutionary war on African Americans

• Black patriots less common in south

  • white southerners afraid to give slaves arms in case they would rebel or escape to freedom

British actions after revolutionary war

• Black loyalists were shipped away and relocated to Nova Scotia, Caribbean, and Sierra Leone

Result of American Revolution for blacks

• Most blacks who served gained freedom

• Gradual emancipation in the North

• Expanded slavery in the South

• Racial inequality continued throughout the nation

Basic reasons for revolt in Haiti

• Harsh slavery for sugar harvesting

• Colony of st domingue wanted independence from french

• Ratio of enslaved to owners 9:1

• Prime opportunity since France was in a revolution and was weak

outcome of revolt in Haiti

• Toussaint Louverture initially led revolt but was later exiled

• Dessalines helped lead

• All slaves were freed

• First black independent colony

• New laws to prevent white in power

Haitian Revolution impacts on American slavery

• increased sugar slavery else where like in Americas south

• Inspires slave rebellions in the US

  • German coast uprising

    • Charles Deslondes, a Haitian refugee and plantation driver outside of new orleans, led a revolt and marched with other slaves down to New Orleans before the revolt was shut down

1526 Slave Rebellion SC

• Spanish settlement in South Carolina with 100 slaves

• Within two months the slaves take over and the settlement was abandoned

1800 Gabriel's rebellion

• Led by gabriel prosser in virginia

• Plan to march and take over Richmond, holding the governor hostage

  • Wanted to end slavery in VA

• Thunderstorm delayed uprising and plans were leaked

• 30 slaves were hung

  • Stricter slave laws created in VA

1811 German coast rebellion/Louisiana revolt

• Refugee from haitian revolution led march to new orleans

  • Shut down

1822 Denmark Vessey’s rebellion

• Carpenter and freed slave from winning lottery

• Planned revolt to liberate charleston and flee to haiti

• Plans got leaked and those involved were convicted or executed 

1831 Nat Turner’s Rebellion

• Killed 55 people

  • Over 200 black people were killed in response

  • Strict slave codes

1841 the Creole Ship Mutiny

• Led by Madison washington

• Slaves took over ship and brought to bahamas

• 135 slaves freed

what is a maroon?

• a member of a maroon society

• a refugee/runaway slave that fights for freedom

basic conditions of maroon societies

Swamp lands/inaccessible areas

well-known Maroon wars

• First maroon war

  • Jamaica vs british

  • Nanny key figure

• Second maroon war

  • Jamaica vs british

  • Results in deportations to Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone

• Palmares Resistance

  • Portuguese take down maroon society Palmares in Brazil

Maroon society locations

Dismal Swamp (virginia/south carolina), Panama, Brazil, Jamaica

Connections between Early feminism movements and early abolition movements

• Feminism - equal rights for genders

  • Black men vote in 1865

  • White women vote in 1921

• Abolition - banning of slavery in US

• Both races of women were denied basic rights (education, voting)

Maria Stewart Why Sit Here and Die?

• Compares and relate white black women during time period

• Black and white women were denied basic rights education and voting

  • Forced to pass down oppressive conditions to children, want to act now to make a change

Positive black naming

• Includes american

Negative black naming

• Includes colored or just African

What connections existed between African Americans and certain Native American tribes?

• Some maroons find refuge among native tribes like the seminoles 

• Other tribes helped hunt down maroons or used black slaves

the basics of the Seminole War

• US tried to force seminoles out of florida

• Black seminoles worked with seminoles to fight off US

• Eventually left

African American Culture - language

• After 1808 ban of slave imports, english is main language for slaves

• Creole blended languages - develops throughout americas

  • Gullan blends english and west african languages, used in carolinas/georgia

African American Culture - art

• Pottery and quiltmaking used for expression and storytelling

  • David drake storage jar contains personal written poem inside

African American Culture - music

• Southern slaves use traditional west african instruments 

  • Banjoes

  • Rattles

  • Drums

• Use christian hymns and african musical elements like call and response, ring should, and clapping

  • Birth of gospel music

• Blues music - senegal born slaves in louisiana

• Jubilee and spirituals (express sorrow, sometimes hope)

• Slave songs double meaning - coded messages for escape disguised as bible hymns