Enzymes

Enzymes are part of the _______ macromolecule.

Protein

They ___________________ in our bodies

Speed up chemical reactions

Enzymes act as a __________ to speed up chemical reactions in nature

Catalyst

In your body, reactions that have enzymes acting as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions are called __________.

Metabolism

What is a catalyst?

A type of protein that increases the speed of a chemical reaction. Example: Cleaning products that rid bacteria using enzymes.

How do catalysts speed up chemical reactions?

They lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction

Activation Energy (E)

The amount of energy required to start and maintain a chemical reaction

Enzymes are used up and can NOT be used mutliple times- true or false?

False

Enzymes usually end in:

-ase

Sugars usually end in:

-ose

Active Site

Where the substrate binds to the enzyme and initiates the enzyme’s function

Substrates

Other molecules involved in a chemical reaction- called the “reactants”

Lock and Key Model

The substrate fits perfectly to the enzyme

Induced Fit Model

Shape of the active site may change to fit the substrate shape

Anabolic Enzyme

Involed in building up long-chained molecules in the reaction products

Catabolic Enzyme

Breaks apart long-chained molecules in the reaction products

What affects the rate of enzyme activity?

Temperature and pH

Optimum Temperature

The most favorable temperature- you get the greatest number of interactions between the enzyme and substrate

Raising the temperature (boiling point)

Generally speeds up the reaction, but when the temperature is too high, causes the enzyme to denature (lose shape, lose function, doom)

Lowering the temperature

Molecules move slower, fewer interactions between the enzyme and substrate

pH effect on the enzyme

Changes in pH changes the protein shape, and changing the pH to extreme levels can cause the enzyme to denature