AP World History - Unit 1 Test

Between 1200 - 1450, who was the wealthiest and most innovative empire in the world?

Song Dynasty in China

Where did the Aztecs rule?

Central Mexico (Mesoamerica)

Where were the Mongols from?

Central Asia

What was the largest land empire in human history?

The Mongol Empire

When did the Delhi Sultanate rule India?

1206-1526 ( Just try to remember 1200-1500)

When did the Song Dynasty fall?

1279

When was the magna carta signed?

1215

Who signed the Magna Carta?

King John of England

Why was the Magna Carta created?

to limit the king's power

Imperial bureaucracy

A vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire's policies.

Chinas strength was partially the result of its _________ bureaucracy.

imperial bureaucracy

Metriocracy

government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability. The song dynasty used this.

During the Song dynasty, what became the basis of study for all civil service exams?

Confucian texts

Grand Canal

an inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system that extended over 30,000 miles

Gunpowder

Invented within China during the 9th century, this substance was became the dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century.

the Silk Roads

A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods.

Champa Rice

a fast-ripening and drought-resistant strain of rice from the Champa Kingdom in present-day Vietnam

What did China use steel for during the 18th century?

nails, tools, chains for suspension bridges, and Buddhist statues.

proto-industrialization

a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell (Occured under the Song Dynasty)

artisans

skilled craftworkers

maritime navigation

type of navigation that involves the navigation of ships and boats on oceans, seas, rivers, and other waterways

kowtow

- A ritual in which anyone greeting the Chinese emperor must bow his or her head until it reached the floor.

- The emperor expected representatives from tributary states to show their respect by performing this.

During the Song Dynasty, what were Japan, Korea, and Kingdoms known as? (Has to do with tributes)

Tributary states

Tributary states

independent state that has to acknowledge the supremacy of another state and pay tribute to its ruler

Scholar gentry

The Chinese class of well-educated men from whom many bureaucrats were chosen

Was Song Dynasty China patriarchal?

Yes

Foot binding

the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth

What was the purpose of foot binding?

Men didn't like big feet. It was seen as beautiful, feminine, and graceful to have bound feet. Some men wouldn't marry you if you didn't have bound feet, it was dishonorable. This affected women because after their feet were bound they couldn't do anything themselves (barely balance or walk) and this further created the role that women are helpless and can't live w/o men. (For men to control women, and for women to be more 'beautiful')

woodblock printing

a type of printing in which text is carved into a block of wood and the block is then coated with ink and pressed on the page

Buddhism

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

Daoism

A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature.

Theravada Buddhism

Buddhist sect that focuses on the wisdom of the Buddha

Mahayana Buddhism

Also known as popular Buddhism, is allows people more ways to reach enlightenment and boddhisatvas can help you reach enlightenment.

Tibetan Buddhism

Focused on chanting. It became strongest in Tibet.

syncretic

A religion that combines several traditions

Zen Buddhism

Buddhism and Daoism; emphasized direct experience and meditation as opposed to formal learning based on Scripture

Neo-Confucianism

a syncretic system, combining rational thought with the more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism

filial piety

the duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Japan had more control over its interactions with China then Korea and Vietnam. Why is this?

Japan was separated by sea rather than land

bushido

the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai.

nuclear families

a family made up of parents and their children

polygny

husband has 2 or more wives (more common)

heian period

The era in Japanese history from A.D. 794-1185, arts and writing flourished during this time

Mamluks

Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517)

Malmuk Sultanate

1250-1517. Facilitates cotton and sugar trade between the Islamic world and Europe. Located in Egypt.

Seljuk Turks

nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly

sultan

Seljuk leader

What religion did Seljuk Turks follow?

Islam

Abbasids

A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.

Where did the Mongols come from?

Central Asia

Crusaders

Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries that fought for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims

What was considered the "holy land"?

Jerusalem

Baghdad

Iraq

Abbasid Caliphate

third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The rulers who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs. In started in 750 CE. It flourished for two centuries, but slowly went into decline with the rise to power of the Turkish army it had created, the Mamluks. In the 13th century the Mongols displaced them.

What did Islamic Scholars do?

- Translated Greek literary classics into arabic

- Studied mathematics text from India and transferred the knowledge to Europeans

- Adopted techniques for paper-making from China. Through them, Europeans learned to make paper.

"golden age" in baghdad

200 year rule under the Abbasid Caliphate

Sufis

mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life

Could Muslims enslave other Muslims?

no

Who else could Muslims also not enslave?

Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians.

Was hereditary slavery developed during the Abbasid Caliphate?

No

Were women treated good in Islam during the Abbasid Caliphate period?

- Status of women were raised

- Women had to wear a hijab

hijab

a headscarf worn by Muslim women

Were Islamic women allowed to inherit property?

Yes

'A'isah al-Ba'uniyyah

A sufi poet and mystic. most prolific female muslim writer

Chola Dynasty

Dynasty that ruled Southern India from 850-1267

Vijayanagara Empire

Began with two brothers Harihara and Bukka from Delhi Sultanate in north-central India, who were sent to extend rule to Southern India

- brothers both born Hindu but converted to Islam for upward mobility, but when they left region controlled by the Delhi Sultanate they embraced religion of birth and established own Hindu kingdom

- lasted from 1300s-mid 1500s when group of Muslim kingdoms overthrew it

Rapjut Kingdoms

gradually formed in northern India and present day Pakistan

Delhi Sultanate

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

jizya

Poll tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire

Is Islam monotheistic or polytheistic?

Monotheistic

Is Hinduism monotheistic or polytheistic?

Polytheistic

Was Islam or Hinduism was associated with a hierarchical caste system?

Hinduism

Did Islam call for equality for all believers?

Yes

What do Muslims look to for spiritual guidance?

The Quran

True or false: Hindus recognize several sacred texts.

True

proselytize

to convert someone to a faith, belief, or cause

Caste System (Hinduism)

The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law.

Caste System in India

held that a person's socio-economic status was hereditary

Dar al-Islam

an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule

Arabic Numerals

Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West.

Qutub Minar

1. Stands in the southern part of Delhi

2. Example of Islamic architecture built during the Delhi Sultanate

3. Towers over the mosque and is a gigantic leaning tower, the tallest structure in India today.

4. Historians still debate the reason for its construction. However, one clear function is its presence as a symbol of Islamic influence and, at one point, dominance of northern India.

Urdu

A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s.

Bhakti Movement

An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.

How were Bhaktis similar to Sufis?

- interested in mythical movements

- emphasized inner reflection

The Majapahit Kingdom

vast archipelagic empire based on the island of Java from 1293 to around 1500; one of the last major empires of the region and is considered to be one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the history of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, one that is sometimes seen as the precedent for Indonesia's modern boundaries

What were the sea based kingdoms in south east asia?

The Majapahit Kingdom

The Srivijaya Empire

The Srivijaya Empire

A Hindu kingdom based in Sumatra. It built up its navy and prospered by charging fees for ships traveling between India & China

Sinhala Dynasties

Kingdom on the island of Sri Lanka

In the Sinhala Dynasties, when did buddhism move into it? Was buddhism important?

300 CE, yes it was. It became a central study.

The Khmer Empire

Also known as Angkor Kingdom. Situated near the Mekong River in SE Asia. Had a complex irrigation and drainage system that allowed it to flourish

What was the Khmer Empire's capital?

Angkor Thom

Where was the Khmer Empire located?

Cambodia

Where were the Sinhala Dynasties located?

Sri Lanka

Sukhothai Kingdom

Kingdom, from Thailand, who forced the Khmer's out in 1431

Mississipian Culture

centered in the southern Mississippi River. Flourished between 900-1350.Beans, corn and squash. Built towns around plazas. Trade system. Climate and disease

Cahokia

The largest chiefdom and city of the Mississippian Indian culture located in present-day Illinois, and the site of a sophisticated farming settlement that supported up to 15,000 inhabitants.

Matrilineal Society (Matriarchy)

A society in which women are considered the head of the family and where lineage and inheritance are traced from the mother.

What type of society did the Mississipians have?

matrilineal society

Mayans

1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hempishere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples, pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order.