AP European History - Unit 2: The Age of Reformation

Flashcards on AP European History unit 2, the age of reformation.

Protestant Reformation

Challenged the concept of a religiously unified Europe.

Literacy Increase

Due to a rise in printed Bibles and a focus on reading the Bible, literacy increases in Europe.

Religious Wars

The spread of Protestantism leads to religious wars between Catholics and Protestants across Europe.

Habsburg Family

Religious wars are motivated by religious devotion but also by political gain as States try to weaken the power of the Catholic Habsburg family

Martin Luther

Nailed his 95 Theses to his church door in Wittenberg in 1517, listing complaints against the Catholic Church.

Indulgences

A practice of the Catholic Church, allowing people to buy out time in purgatory; funds were used by Pope Leo X to fund construction on Saint Peter's Basilica, infuriating Martin Luther.

Sola Fide

Salvation through faith alone, a rallying cry for Protestant reformers.

Vernacular Language

Bibles being written in the local language rather than just Latin, leading to increased literacy and individual interpretation of scripture.

Predestination

A shared doctrinal belief among many Protestant denominations.

Council of Trent

Meeting convened by the Catholic Church that started the Catholic Reformation/Counter Reformation, reforming some practices but also doubling down on its doctrinal beliefs.

Jesuits

New missionary order commissioned during the Catholic Reformation to bring people back to the Catholic faith.

Politique

Someone who puts political stability over religious Orthodoxy.

Edict of Nantes

Issued by King Henry IV, allowing Huguenots some religious and political freedoms in France.

Peace of Augsburg

Signed in 1555, divided the Holy Roman Empire into Catholic States and Lutheran States.

Peace of Westphalia

Ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, allowing for national self-determination, changing political boundaries, leading to the rise of France and the decline of the Holy Roman Empire, and ending the idea of universal Christendom in Europe.

Commercial and agricultural capitalism

Shaped European society and the experiences of everyday life