AP Lang Induction and Deduction

These flashcards cover key concepts of induction and deduction in reasoning, important for understanding argument structure and analyzing texts.

Induction

A method of reasoning that leads from specific cases to a general conclusion.

Deduction

A method of reasoning that starts with a general principle and applies it to a specific case.

Syllogism

A logical structure consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and conclusion.

Major Premise

The general principle in a deductive argument.

Minor Premise

The specific case in a deductive argument that applies to the major premise.

Conclusion

The statement derived from the major and minor premises in a deductive argument.

Strength of Induction

Inductive arguments can be considered strong or weak, but not true or false.

Inductive Reasoning in Science

The scientific method relies on induction, forming general principles from specific experiments.

Example of Inductive Argument

A series of specific examples used to argue that the American Dream is not alive, as indicated by personal and societal observations.

Vulnerabilities in Inductive Arguments

Inductive arguments can be challenged by exceptions to the generalization.

Faulty Deduction Example

Claiming all celebrities are role models when some might not be.

Challenge to Deductive Arguments

The validity of a deductive argument can be contested by questioning the truth of the premises.

Combination of Induction and Deduction

Many essays use both methods; induction may support a major premise which can then be used for deductive reasoning.