Health 8 3rd Q (´･ω･`)

Emerging infectious diseases

Emerging infectious diseases

are diseases that are new or have reappeared in a population or have been known for some time but are rapidly increasing in incidence

Emergence

is used to describe the reappearance (reemergence) of a known infection after a decline in incidence.

Leptospirosis

is a bacterial disease caused by bacteria called Leptospira. The bacteria are transmitted to humans and animals through the urine of infected animals or urine contaminated environment through cut or abrasion on the skin.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

This has spread in several countries including Asia before the global outbreak of 2003 was contained.

Chikungunya

described during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in 1952. This disease is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. This causes fever and severe joint pain (arthralgia)

Meningococcemia

Is a bacterial infection of the blood due to the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. This is the same type of bacteria that can cause meningitis.

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

a mild, contagious viral infection common in young children— is characterized by sores in the mouth and a rash on the hands and feet. This is caused by Coxsackievirus,

H1N1 (Influenza A)

is a flu virus and is also referred to as swine flu

Avian Influenza or A (H7N9)

These viruses naturally spread among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species.

Reemerging diseases

are diseases that once were major health problems globally or in a particular country, and then declined dramatically, then reappears after they have been on a significant decline

Infectious disease

is a disease that is caused by the invasion of a host by agents whose activities harm the host's tissues and can be transmitted to other individuals

Infection

occurs when a microorganism enters a person’s body and causes harm.

Pathogens

is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.

Incubation

It is the silent stage which includes the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the onset of symptoms

prodromal stage

– It refers to the period after incubation and before the characteristic symptoms of infection occur. People can also transmit infections during this stage.

Illness (clinical disease)

includes the time when a person shows apparent or characteristic symptoms of an infectious disease. It is the period of invasion in which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe.

Convalescence (recovery stage)

It starts when the acute symptoms disappear until the patient returns to the normal state of health. The immune system is rapidly removing microbes from the body.

Morbidity

It refers to the unhealthy state of an individual; refers to an illness or disease; refers to chronic (long-term) and age-related diseases. These conditions can worsen over time and lower your quality of life

Mortality

It refers to the state of being mortal (destined to die); refers to death; the term used for the number of people who died within a population.

Communicable diseases

Also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases.

Acute infectious diseases

These are fast-developing, temporary conditions. Once the disease agent takes hold, the illness runs a definite course and then weakens.

Acute respiratory infection

is an infection that may interfere with normal breathing. It can affect just your upper respiratory system, which starts at your sinuses and ends at your vocal chords, or just your lower respiratory system, which starts at your vocal chords and ends at your lungs.

Pneumonia

is an infection in one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The infection leads to inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs, which are called alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.

Bronchitis

is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. People who have bronchitis often cough up thickened mucus, which can be discolored.

Influenza or Flu

is a respiratory illness that results from a viral infection. And is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets.

Tuberculosis

is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs, though it can affect any organ in the body. It can develop when bacteria spread through droplets in the air.

Malaria

is a life-threatening mosquito borne blood disease. The Anopheles mosquito transmits a parasite known as plasmodium to humans.

Dengue Fever

also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquito-borne infection that can lead to a severe flu like illness.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

can be usually transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact.

HIV

stands for “human immunodeficiency virus,” is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases.

AIDS.

stands for “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” It is an advanced stage of HIV infection.