Respiratory system A+P II

Roles of Respiratory System

gas exchange

homeostasis of blood PH

Nasal cavity

mucus membrane - play role in protection

goblet cells - secrete muscous

seromucous nasal glands - protect from pathogens

Air conditioning

nasal region conditions the air to prepare it for our lungs

air has to be warm and moist for our lungs

runny nose is the body’s attempt to increase moisture in the air

water retention

cool air goes over nasal conchae -

Mucus

trap things we inhale

trachea

epiglottis covers

and vocal chords

pharynx

nasopharynx - above the mouth

oropharynx

larngopharnyx

Pharyngopharnyx tonsils

tonsils that protects from ear infection

oropharynx

stratified squamous tissue

Laryngopharnyx

passage way into the esophagus and into larynx

Larynx

provide an open airway

act as a switching mechanism to route food and air

voice production

vocal chords

length of vocal chords change pitch

length changes during puberty

trachea

long tube

always open - cartilage rings around it

the back part does not have rings - the esophagus has to expand

Respiratory system

internal

external

cellular

external respiration(ventilation)

physical act of breathing

Internal respiration

gas exchange

cellular respiration

what happens when the air comes in

uses oxygen to convert glucose into ATP(useable energy)

Sinuses

open spaces of the skull

get names

causes headaches when filled

mucocillary escalator

cilia is able to sweep particles into mouth

chronic cough can lead to inflammation of bronchioles

bronchioles can produce a thick mucus

damage the air sacs

smokers cough

mucous traps debris, and the cilia are paralyzed and unable to get rid of debris

Thyroid cartilage

largest

thyroid gland covers lower part

adams apple

trachea

20 centimeters

trachea branches off into bronchiole tree

passage way for air to get to the lungs

still has cartilage rings

bronchiole tree

bronchus(main)

bronchi(second)

Bronchiolar tree order

the gas exchange is happening in the air sacs

cluster of grapes

individually - avioli

smoking damages the individual sacs - enough oxygen cannot exchange