Ionising and Detecting Radiation

Radioactive decay

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation, resulting in the emission of particles or electromagnetic waves.

Alpha particles

Positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons, which have high ionising ability but low penetrating power.

Beta particles

Fast-moving electrons or positrons emitted during radioactive decay, which have medium ionising ability and penetrating power.

Gamma rays

Electromagnetic radiation of high energy, with the lowest ionising ability but the highest penetrating power.

Ionisation

The process by which an atom or molecule acquires a positive or negative charge by gaining or losing electrons.

DNA damage

Alterations to the genetic material within a cell, which may result from ionising radiation and can lead to cancerous tumors.

Chemical reactions after ionisation

New chemical reactions may occur when atoms change their structure and bonding due to ionisation.

Properties of matter

Characteristics that define substances, which can change due to alterations in structure and bonding from radioactive decay.