BSC2010L_ExperimentalGeneticsI+-+Spr25

What should students do before the lab session starts?

Students should turn in the Experimental Genetics I Prelab.

What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes?

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, and mutations at these sites can affect gene expression.

How does gel electrophoresis work?

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size when an electric current is applied.

What does it mean for a population to be at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

A population is at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium when allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next.

List the five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.

1. Large population size 2. No mutations 3. No gene flow 4. Random mating 5. No selection

In the equation p + q = 1, what do p and q represent?

p represents the frequency of the dominant allele, and q represents the frequency of the recessive allele.

What is a Punnett square used for?

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes of offspring from the parental genotypes.

What differentiates a dominant allele from a recessive allele?

A dominant allele determines the phenotype if present, while a recessive allele only determines the phenotype if no dominant allele is present.

How can you identify male and female fruit flies?

Males have a dark and rounded abdomen with sex combs; females are larger, lighter, and have a pointed abdomen.

What is the significance of Drosophila melanogaster in genetics studies?

Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism due to its quick life cycle, high offspring production, and ease of handling.

What happens during meiosis according to the Law of Segregation?

Chromosomes are segregated equally into gametes, resulting in haploid gametes receiving one copy of each chromosome.

What is the outcome when genes are autosomally linked?

Genes that are autosomally linked will be inherited together more frequently because they are located close to each other on the same chromosome.

How does a mutation at a restriction site affect gene alleles?

A mutation at a restriction site can prevent restriction enzymes from cutting DNA, potentially altering allele expression.

What are the three generations referred to in genetics crosses?

P (parental generation), F1 (first filial generation), and F2 (second filial generation).