BIOL215 Cardiovascular System: Blood Part 2 Exam 1

Globin is a_____

Polypeptide

What is the red pigmented molecule containing iron atoms?

Heme

What does oxygen bind to?

Iron

How many hemoglobins does each RBC contain?

About 250 million hemoglobins.

How many oxygen molecules per hemoglobin?

Four oxygen molecules

What are the three types of hemoglobin?

1. Embryonic

2. Fetal

3. Adult

What are the four forms of Hemoglobin?

1. Oxyhemoglobin

2. Deoxyhemoglobin

3.Carbamino-hemoglobin

4. Carboxy-hemoglobin

What happens with carbon monoxide poisoning?

Carbon monoxide has a higher affinity to iron. O2 can't bind.

What is Erythropoeisis?

Process of producing RBC.

Rbcs last _______ days in circulation

120 days

Late erythroblasts produce what?

Reticulocytes

What is the percentage of normal reticulocytes in the blood?

0.5%-2% of circulating RBC's

What is Reticulocytosis?

Abnormally high levels of reticulocytes in the blood. Seen in anemia.

What hormone stimulates RBC production?

Erythropoietin

What does Erythropoietin detect?

Low blood O2 levels

What is Hemolysis?

The breakdown of RBC's

What is Anemia?

A decrease in the amount of RBCs or hemoglobin in the blood.

What is the main function of WBCs?

Protection and removal of cells and debris.

What are the three terms that describe Leukocyte movement?

1. Ameboid

2. Diapedesis

3. Chemotaxis

Specify what exactly Ameboid Movement is.

Directed movement utilizing pseudopods

What does the function Diapedesis do?

Cells become thin and move between or through endothelial cells of capillaries.

What exactly is Chemotaxis?

Attraction to and movement toward foreign materials or damaged cells.

Basic function of Neutrophils

First responders, phagocytic bacteria

Basic function of Eosinophils

Defend against worm parasites

Basic function of Basophils

Produce Histamine and Heparin

Basic function of Lymphocytes

Migrate to lymphatic tissues, Adaptive Immune Function

Basic function of Monocytes

Phagocytic cells

What is Leukimia?

Cancer of the Bone marrow.

What are Thrombocytes?

Cell fragments of Megakaryocytes

What is the function of a platelet plug?

Helps prevent blood loss.

What is the prevention of excessive blood loss?

Hemostasis

What are the three steps involved with preventing excessive blood loss?

1. Vascular Spasm

2. Platelet Plug

3. Coagulation (blood clotting)

What does the Vascular Spasm do?

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, makes them smaller-stops blood flow.

What does the Platelet Plug Formation do?

Temporary solution of platelets sealing the damaged blood vessels.

What are the three substeps of Platelet Plug Formation?

1. Platelet Adhesion

2. Platelet Release Reaction

3. Platelet Aggregation