HOSA Human Growth and Development- pt 3

Infancy

Infancy

Period from birth to 1st birthday

Neonates

Period from birth to 1 month

Apgar Scale

Administered at 1 minute, 5 minutes, and then again every 2-5 minutes if neonate fails to reach a certain score

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment

Given a few days after birth to measure reflexes and responses to light, sounds, and touch

Suck Reflex

Reflex to suck when something is placed on the roof of the mouth

Rooting Reflex

Babies move toward a bottle or parent;s breast when the side of their mouth is stroked

Bonding

The emotional connection that a parent or caregiver develops with the baby

Postpartum Depression

Intense sadness and emotional withdrawal from others that last more than a few weeks

Postpartum Psychosis

Serious mental condition where people suffer from delusions, hallucination, hyperactivity, paranoia, and rapid mood swings

Proximodistal Development

Infants learn to control the muscles at the core of their bodies before the distal muscles

Cephalocaudal Development

The way babies develop from the top of the head down to the extremities

Mirror Neurons

A type of neuron that modify their activity when another person expresses emotion or performs a specific action

What elements underlie motor development?

Brain Maturation, Muscle Strength, and Practice

Nutrition

Liquid-1st 6 months

Solid food incorporated between 6 and 12 months

Food Intolerances

Reactions to foods that are unpleasant

Sleep

16-17 hours/day

Piaget Sensorimotor Stage

Infants move from reflexes to interacting with the world around them using their motor skills

-Infancy to age 2

Skinner’s Theory

Infants learn through operant conditioning

Vygotsky’s Theory

Children are social beings and develop their minds through interactions with caregivers and siblings

Erikson’s Theory

Trust vs. Mistrust

-Infants must learn to develop trust relationships with their caregivers

Attachment

The emotional connection between the child and caregiver

Unoccupied Play

When a baby observes and focuses on an object or activity

Solitary Play

When an infant plays alone

Temperament

Unique individual differences in the way people interact with the world

Developmental Delay

A child’s development lags behind the norms for other children the same age

Developmental Acceleration

A child’s development exceeds the norms for other children the same age