BIO104- Chapter 2
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Exam 1 - 9/26
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19 Terms
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The Scientific Method
all scientific inquiry follows a standard process to study the natural world
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What does the scientific method begin with?
observations and questions
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What is formed based on the observations and questions?
hypotheses and predictions
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Hypothesis
\-not simply an educated guess
\-using info that is known or already established to make predictions that can be tests
\-gives us a frame for our experiment and defines our treatment and control groups
\-hypotheses are never final
\-using info that is known or already established to make predictions that can be tests
\-gives us a frame for our experiment and defines our treatment and control groups
\-hypotheses are never final
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Experimental design
a careful plan
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What do well-designed experiments include?
\-large sample size
\-independent variable
\-dependent variable
\-control group
\-treatment group
\-standardization
\-independent variable
\-dependent variable
\-control group
\-treatment group
\-standardization
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How is data presented?
graphs or charts
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statistical significance
the probability that the differences we see arose purely by chance-or that they are different because of what we changed
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Peer Review
\-peers look for problems in experimental setup and the logic of the claims being made
\-this prevents incorrect findings and fraud
\-allowing for use of the findings for future starting points for more questions and research
\-this prevents incorrect findings and fraud
\-allowing for use of the findings for future starting points for more questions and research
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Objectivity
\-putting aside personal beliefs/feelings, ambition, when interpreting results of experiments
\-sometimes objectivity is not met-resulting in data being used to tell an untrue narrative to further some cause- personal, political, economic, etc.
\-sometimes objectivity is not met-resulting in data being used to tell an untrue narrative to further some cause- personal, political, economic, etc.
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Correlation
a statistical term for connecting similar data sets
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Causation
determining that one events effects or causes another
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T or F: Correlation=Causation
False
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Critical Thinking
\-important to consider each piece of information being presented to you
\-science deals in data and evidence
\-opinions and feelings are not facts
\-science deals in data and evidence
\-opinions and feelings are not facts
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Parsimony
science seeks to produce theories that provide broad explanations of phenomena in “noisy” systems
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Scientific Theories
\-theory of gravity
\-theory of plate tectonics
\-heliocentric theory
\-cell theory
\-theory of evolution
\-theory of climate change
\-theory of plate tectonics
\-heliocentric theory
\-cell theory
\-theory of evolution
\-theory of climate change
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Common misconception in scientific theory
time=law
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Scientific laws
describe observed phenomenon that always behave the same way under similar circumstances
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Newton’s Law of Gravitation
states that objects fall toward the Earth when released in the air
Note 
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