Cagayan de Oro and Surrounding History — Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, people, places, and events related to the history of Cagayan de Oro and its surrounding areas as described in the lecture notes.

Huluga

An ancient promontory 8 km south of modern Cagayan de Oro, site of caves and an Open Site indicating early habitation.

Promontory

A high ridge of land or rock projecting into a body of water; a headland.

Open Site

An archaeological area within Huluga that appears to be the village of the original inhabitants, yielding various artifacts.

Potsherd

A fragment of a ceramic pot found at archaeological sites.

Celadon

Chinese green-glazed ceramic ware found at Huluga.

Obsidian flakes

Sharp, chipped pieces of obsidian used as tools, found in the cave site.

Acid racemization

A dating technique used on skull fragments to estimate age.

Late Neolithic Period

The later phase of the Neolithic; in this context, the skull sample is dated to around 350 AD.

Augustinian Recollect missionaries

Catholic religious order that arrived in Huluga in 1622 and aided in conversion and fortification.

Himologan

Old name for the area around Cagayan de Oro.

Bukidnon

A Mindanao region/people mentioned as part of the settlement’s context.

Visayas

Central Philippine island group; associated with tattooed inhabitants (pintados) in historical notes.

Pintados

Visayan tattooed people noted by early observers.

Animists

Followers of polytheistic belief systems with spirits and natural forces; non-Muslim region inhabitants in the notes.

Sultan Kudarat

Ruler to whom natives paid tributes and whose emissaries influenced local affairs.

Encomienda

Spanish colonial grant giving rights to conquer, control, and collect tributes from a territory and its people.

Fray Agustin de San Pedro

Portuguese Augustinian Recollect friar who aided conversion and relocated Himologan; built a church and earned the title El Padre Capitan.

Datu Salangsang

Leader of Himologan who moved the settlement downriver under Fray Agustin’s guidance.

Fuerza Real de San Jose

Wooden fortress and watchtower built for defense of Cagayan.

El Padre Capitan

Honorific title given to Fray Agustin for his leadership in defense.

San Agustin Cathedral

Church built by Fray Agustin; later rebuilt with marine stones and destroyed in 1945.

Gaston Park

Area where the fortress and church stood; now part of the city’s layout.

Santa Cruz cross

Wooden cross erected outside San Agustin Church in 1888; still standing.

Casa Real de Cagayan

Governor’s residence built in 1831; site now associated with the city hall area.

Cagayan de Misamis

Spanish-era name for the settlement later known as Cagayan de Oro.

Segundo Distrito de Misamis

Large politico-military district in Mindanao during the Spanish era.

Ozamis City

Old designation for the major fort/area later known as Ozamiz City.

1674 Recoletos mission center

Year when the Recollects established a mission center in Cagayan.

1780 San Agustin patron saint

Year San Agustin was declared the patron saint of Cagayan.

1845 Simon Loscos de Santa Catalina

Recoletos priest who reconstructed the church using marine stones from China.

1945 destruction

San Agustin Church destroyed during Japanese bombing in World War II.

Misamis Oriental

Province formed (1930s) from Mindanao’s politico-military districts.

Misamis Occidental

Province formed (1930s) from Mindanao’s politico-military districts.

Katipunan Revolt

Mindanao uprising linked to the Katipunan movement beginning in 1896.

Iligan mutiny

Sept 29, 1896 mutiny in Iligan as part of the Katipunan revolt.

Rizal's execution

Execution of José Rizal, which intensified revolutionary sentiments.

Treaty of Peace (Dec 10, 1898)

Peace treaty ending the Spanish-American War; Spain relinquished control to the U.S.

Jose Roa Y Casas

Appointed first Filipino governor of Misamis after the transfer of power.

Toribio Chavez

First Filipino mayor of Cagayan de Misamis.

Fiesta Nacional

Celebration on Jan 10–11, 1899 marking Mindanao’s shift toward Filipino governance and independence symbolism.

Aguinaldo Republic in Mindanao

Mindanao-based Filipino governance recognized during the late 1890s.

US invasion (1900)

American invasion of Cagayan de Misamis; began with bombing of Macabalan and subsequent battles.

Makahambus Hill

Site of the first major Filipino victory against Americans on June 4, 1900.

Apolinar Velez

Filipino commander who led the Makahambus Hill victory.

Taft

William Howard Taft, U.S. governor-general of the Philippines; visited Cagayan de Oro.

Pelaez

Emmanuel Pelaez; appended 'de Oro' to Cagayan to honor gold mining in the hinterland.

de Oro

Suffix meaning 'of gold'; added to Cagayan to form Cagayan de Oro.

Max Y. Suniel

First appointed mayor of Cagayan de Oro.

Justiniano R. Borja

Mayor of Cagayan de Oro (1954–1964); oversaw major growth; nicknamed 'Arsenio Lacson of Cagayan de Oro'.

Cogon Market

Market opened (1959) contributing to the city’s growth.

Ateneo de Cagayan

Catholic university founded in 1933; Mindanao’s first university.

Xavier University

Renamed Ateneo de Cagayan in 1958.

1933 founding

Year Ateneo de Cagayan was established.

1958 rename

Year Ateneo de Cagayan became Xavier University.

Martial Law

Period of authoritarian rule under Ferdinand Marcos across the Philippines.

Marcos

Ferdinand E. Marcos, Philippine president/dictator whose regime included Martial Law.

EDSA 1986

People Power Revolution that restored democracy in the Philippines.