03. The Political Conquest of India

1st Carnatic war ( Anglo-french rivalry)

1. Timeline

2. Major issue is in which area

3. Where did they fight

4. context at that time

5. Why fight

6. Major events(capturing, local ruler alignment)

7. Local ruler vs France war significance and battle name(imp)

8. Result

9. Treaty

1. 1746-1748

2. Carnatic region (coromandal coast)

3. Arcot (T.N)

4. Marathas and Nizam wars are going on ; Mysore kkingdom is unstable; Carnatic region is unstable due to internal succession issues - fertile ground for fighting

5. Extension of Austrian War of Succession;

6. French captured Fort St. george of Madras; Robert Clive was taken prisoner; Anwar-ud-Din(the carnatic leader) allied with British because French annexed fort and started war in his region; Robert clive was clerk at this time and he was captured by French

7. Showed that small european army defeated large Indian army; Battle of St. Thome (Madras)

8. Madras returned to British, North american territories to french

9. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

2nd Carnatic War

0. Who are imp persons from Europe in the war

1. Timeline

2. Major issue is in which area

3. Where did they fight

4. context at that time

5. Why fight

6. Battles

7. Significance

8. Result

9. Treaty

0. Robert clive from British vs Dupleix (French EIC Governor)

1. 1749-1754

2. Nizam and Carnatic Region(Arcot)

3. Nizam and carnatic region

4. Nizam Succession and Arcot Succession; British support Son of Nizam-ul-mulk while French support grandson

5. for puppet rulers

6. Battle of Ambur,1749 - carnatic- Portuguese won ; Battle of Arcot, 1751 - Robert clive attacks again and wins in Arcot

7. It became clear that it is not European powers need Indian Support, its otherwise

8. British lost both Successions initially, but later robert clive won

9. Treaty of Pondicherry; both agreed not to interfere in local disputes

3rd Anglo-carnatic War

0. Dupleix is present?

1. Timeline

2. Major issue is in which area

3. Where did they fight

4. context at that time

5. Why fight

6. Battles

7. Significance

8. Result

9. Treaty

0. No, Dupleix left after 2nd carnatic war

1. 1758-1763

2. AP

3. Carnatic region

4. British already captured Bengal so they became powerful with men and money

5. Extension of 7 years was in Europe; French Captured Fort St. David in Vizianagaram

6. Battle of Wandiwash, 1760

7. Decisive Battle ; French Political ambition ended

8. British defeated French decisively

9. Treaty of paris; French remained as economic entity in Pondicherry and chandernagore(W.B)

Battle of Plassey

0. Timeline

1. Important Persons

2. Alliances

3. Where did they fight

4. context at that time

5. Why fight

6. Fort Capture

7. Significance related to Zamindari Power

8. Result

0. 1757

1. Siraj-ud-Daulah -bengal nawab; Alamgir II - Mughal emperor; Robert Clive+jagath Seth +Mir Jafar(commander of Siraj )

2. British EIC vs Siraj-ud-Daulah

3. Bengal

4.

5. Misuse of 1717 Farman (tax free tarde) - they started giving Dastaks to gujarat traders etc; Unauthorized fortification of calcutta by british

6. Fort william capture

7. Robert Clive established British First territory in India; Zamindari power of some areas given to British

8. Robert Clive won

Battle of Chinsurah, 1760

1. Between whom

2. Reason

3. Result

4. Who became Nawab

1. Mir Jafar + Dutch vs British

2. Misuse of Dastaks and increasing power of British

3. British won; Dutch lost its significance in India; Robert Clive returned to England

4. Mir Qasim

1. Who shifted capital to Murshidabad

2.Mir Qasim shifted capital to where

1. Murshid Ali khan(founer of Bengal Kingdom after separation from Mughals) and from Dhaka

2. Murshidabad to Monghyr

Battle of Buxar

0. year

1. Between whom

2. Reason

3. Treaty

4. Dual Gvt resulted in

0. 1764

1. Nawab of Bengal + Nawab of Awadh + Shah Alam2 vs EIC

2. Misuse of dastaks, Increasing British power in Bengal

3. Treaty of Allahabad

- Diwani rights of Bengal to EIC

- Awadh was not annexed because they wanted a buffer state between Maratha and Afghans

4. Diwani - EIC; Admin - Bengal Nawab -> led to Famine of 1770 in bengal - 1/3rd are dead

What changes did British Parliament do after famine

1. Context

2 Result

1. Money from bengal taken by EIC officers through corruption; Bengal famine in 1769

2. regulating Act, 1773

Regulating Act, 1773

1. Why

2. Who became first Governor general of Bengal

1. Centralising power of EIC because of corruption and famine in bengal

2. Governor of Bengal became Governor General of Bengal - Warren hasting

3. Dual Gvt which caused famine was abolished so admin rights also came to EIC

Mysore Kingdom Basics

1. Came from

2. Which dynasty ruled

1. Viajayanagar

2. Wodiyar

Hyder-Ali

1. Became King in

2. French and Modern Arsenal

3. Canon factory in which city

1. He did not become King, he was just head of the military but became defacto ruler in 1761

2. Established a modern Arsenal with the help of French, 3rd carnatic war was going on

3. Dindigul (TN)

1st Anglo Mysore war

1. Timeline

2. Imp players

3. context

4. Reason

5. Result

1. 1767 - 1769

2. Haider Ali, France friendship with Haider Ali

3. Maratha and Nizam were angry with Mysore so EIC allied with Maratha+Nizam(later they withdrew)

4. Expansionist Policies of Haider Ali, Closeness with French, his Ambitions

5. Draw

Treaties of Anglo-Mysore wars

1. 1st war

2. 2nd war

3. 3rd war

1. Treaty of Madras - protection to Mysore in future

2. Treaty of Mangalore

3. Treaty of Seringapatnam

2nd Anglo Mysore war

1. Timeline

2. Imp players

3. context

4. Reason

5. Result (and also important battle)

6. Treaty

1. 1780-84

2. Haider Ali +French , EIC

3. Maratha attacked Mysore; British did not help - violation of treaty of Madras; british did not helo because in 1775 1st A-maratha war happened and they dont want it again

4. Briitsh attempt to seize Mahe port because of haider ali friendship with French

5. Battle of Port Novo, Haider Ali defeated

6. Treaty of Mangalore;overall draw in war

3rd Anglo Mysore war

1. Timeline

2. Between Whom

3. Context

4. Reason

5. British General at that time

6. Result

7. Treaty

1. 1790-1792

2. Tipu Sultan vs EIC

3. Travancore was ally of EIC;

4. Purchase of Jalkottal and Cannanore by travancore from Dutch angered Tipu because he considers that as his area. Thus 3rd Anglo mysore war

5. Lord Cornwallis

6. Tipu Lost

7. Treaty of Seringapatnam; EIC took half of Mysore

Tipu Sultan imp points

1. Persian Military Manual

2. Trade bans

3. which tree and where

4. Joined in which french club

5. When did he become sultan and when did his father became sultan

6. Which temple he helped repair

1. Fathul Mujahudin - Rocket tech

2. He banned trade with european merchants

3. Tree of Liberty at seringapatnam

4. Jacobian club

5. 1796; his father was never sultan just the supreme commader of armed forces and unofficial head

6. Sringeri temple which was established by Adi shankaracharya and later patroned by Vijayanagara

4th Anglo Mysore war

1. Timeline

2. Between Whom

3. Context

4. Reason

5. British General at that time

6. Result

7. Treaty

1. 1799

2. Tipu vs Lord Richard Wellesly(Governor General)

4. Tipu started making friends with foregin countries so EIC became angry

5. Lord Wellesly

6. EIC won

7. ; Mysore came under Subsidiary Alliance; All Treasures of Tipusultan took by Arthur Wellesley(brother of Lord Wellesley)

8. British took coast of mysore, Nizam took some parts of mysore, Nizam gave Northern Circars to British

what happened to mysore in 1831 and 1881

1. Lord william Bentick took Mysore under his control for Misgovernance

2. Lord Rippon restores Mysore Power

1-5 Maratha Clans

6. Who Established Confideracy system

6A. Bajirao 1 time period

7. Baji Rao son

8. Battle of Panipat by which rules

1. Peshwas of Pune

2. Holkars of Indore

3. Bhonsles of Nagpur

4. Gaekwad of Baroda

5. Scindias of Gwalior

6. baji rao 1

6A. 1720-1740

7. Balaji bajirao

8. Balaji bajirao

1st Anglo Maratha War

1. Timeline

2. Context

3. reason

4. Result

1. 1775 - 1782

2. Death of Madhava Rao 1, Narayan Rao became peshwa and then he died, his son Madhava Rao 2 just born. Madhava Rao 1 uncle Ragunath rao wanted to become Peshwa so he colludes with british;Treaty of Surat of ragunath rao with Bombay EIC - gave away Salsette and bassein ; Ragunath Rao + Bombay EIC vs Nana Phadnavis + Madava Rao 2(kid); Bengal EIC got angry of treaty so they cancels it, ragunath rao was exiled, Bassein is returned to marathas but salsette is kept in Treaty of Purandhar

3. Then Maratha allwoed french make a port in west coast so British got angry and started Anglo-Maratha war

4. Draw; treaty of Wadgaon by Bombay EIC - Warren hastings(Calcutta EIC) rejected it and Treaty of Salbai then signed later - most important

Bassein Chronology

Yadavas of devagiri -> Gujarat Sultanate -> Portuguese (Treaty of Bassein)-> Marathas -> British -> marathas (Treaty Of salbai)

2nd Anglo-Maratha War

1. Timeline

2. Context

3. reason

1. 1803-1805

2. nan Phadnavis is Dead, bajirao2 is Peshwa; Scindias and Holkar are in fight for second position after peshwa, bajirao 2 supported Scindias, Scindais captures holkar brother and killed him, so holkar launched Battle of Pune defeating Bajirao2 and Scindias, bajirao escapes to Vasai, so bajirao2 goes to EIC signed Treaty Of Bassein(Subsidiary alliance)

3. Treaty alarmed other Maratha Chiefs so Anglor-Maratha War; So first scindias and Bhosles fought british and holkar didnt participate because he doesnt like Scindais, then they lost, then Holkar fought next alone and lost, Gaekwad was neutral and made deal with british without war. SO finally Maratha Confideracy came under Subsidiary Alliance

Treaties with diff mararha clans

1. Treaty of Deogaon (1803) -

2. Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon (1803) -

3. Treaty of Rajpurghat (1805)

1. With Bhonsle

2. With Scindia

3. With holkar

3rd Anglo-Maratha war

1. Timeline

2. Context

3. Imp Persons

4. Result

1. 1817-1819

2. bajirao 2 got angry of British, he realised that he just became a puppet so one final attempt was made

3. Bajirao2 vs hastings (diff Hastings)

4. Complete Decisive Victory of British; maratha Confideracy ended; Peshwaship abolished, Others were forced to signed treaties and effectively became princely states under british

First rohilla war

0. context

1. Timeline

2. Between whom

3. Result

0. In 1772 Maraths invaded Rohilkand, they asked help for awadh and said that they will pay money if he helps and he helps. But they dont pay money

1. 1777

2. Awadh+Mughal+EIC vs Rohilkand

3. Rohilkand is lost and awadh takes the area

Annexation of Sindh, 1843

1. Where is that area

2. Why British wanted Sindh

3. What is Tripartite Treaty in 1838

1. Border of Gujarat, Rajasthan and Pakistan

2. Because of the great game in Europe, they dont want Russia to invade India

3. Between British-Ranjit Singh of Punjab - Shah Shuja- British made Sindhs to help invade Afghan for Shah Shuja but during this was Sindh incurred lot of losses

4.

What is Treaty of Amritsar (1809), between whom

1. Between EIC and Punjab

2. North of Sutlej belongs to Punjab and south of Sutlej Belongs to British

1st Anglo Sikh war

0. Timeline

1. Context

2. Result

3. Treaty

4. Imp Person/ GG

0. 1845-1846

1. Death of Ranjit SIngh made Sikh Kingdom weak so British took the chances; So British enters North of Sutlej river which broker Treaty of Amritsar

2. British wins

3. Treaty of Lahore; Punjab sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh for war indemnity money; Puppet Rulers of 8 Sardars established

4. Lord Hardinge 1

2nd Anglo-Sikh War

0. Timeline

1. Context

2. Result

3. Treaty

4. Imp Person/ GG

0. 1848-1849

1. Treaty of Lahore seemed harsh ; Governor of Multan rebelled

2. Punjab is merged into British Empire

3. Punjab Soldiers became Loyal Soldiers

4. Lord Dallahousie

British Policies on Kingdoms: Ring-Fence Policy

1. What is it

2. By Whom

1. Defence Strategy where the EIC did not invade some states and kept them as Buffer state like a fence. Ex: Awadh for Marathas, Nizam for Mysore kingdom

2. Warren Hastings

British Policies on Kingdoms: Subsidiary Alliance

1. What is it

2. By Whom

3. Why

1. Protection from British for yearly money

2. Lord Wellesley (Richard)

3. For Political and Military control, Not profir(PYQ); Also against Napoleon

British Policies on Kingdoms: Doctrine of Lapse (1848-1856)

1. What is it

2. By Whom

1. Ruler died without natural male heir then Kingdom will lapse to company. Ex-Jhansi,Awadh etc

2. Lord Dallhousie

Did British rule

1. Bhutan

2. Nepal

3. Burma

4. Tibet

1. Yes (Duars Wars)

2. No

3. Yes (Assam was ceded to EIC by Burma)

4. No-Just Occupied Chumbi Valley and mantained relations with Tibet

What is Durand Line

Line Separating British India and Afghanistan