Chemistry test 2

Mr matts study guide.

What is an Element?

Element is a substance that is only made of itself.

What is a compound?

A compound is when two or more atoms are CHEMICALLY combined.

What is an example of a compound?

An example of a compound is water. Made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

What is a mixture

A mixture in chemistry refers to a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined, but not chemically bonded. The substances in a mixture can be separated using physical methods, such as filtration or distillation. Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous (uniform composition throughout) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition). Examples of mixtures include saltwater, air, and soil.

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

can easily see the different parts that make it up

What is a homogeneous mixture?

cannot see the different parts easily

What are electron shells and what purpose do they serve?

An electron shell is the outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus. It is based on the period of the element, seen based on the periodic table.

What is an atomic number of an element?

The atomic number is a number telling us the amount of electrons and protons in an element.

How do you find the amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an element?

For protons and electrons, you look at the atomic number of the element, which would tell you the amount of said protons and electrons. For neutrons, you would take a look at the atomic MASS of the element, (the number at the bottom) and then you subtract it from the atomic number.

What are some properties of metals?

They are a Great Conductor of heat and electricity, Shiny, and they don’t break easily, being ductile and malleable.

What are some properties of metalloids?

Ok conductor of heat and electricity, Shiny, and can be malleable

What are some properties of non metals?

Poor conductor of heat and electricity, Dull, and brittle, meaning that they break easily.

What are reactants in a chemical equation?

The numbers being added, subtracted, multiplied or divided in a chemical equation.

What is synthesis?

When you fuse two elements together.

What is decomposition?

when you subtract two elements

What is a single replacement reaction?

When you replace an element from compound with a different one.

What is a double replacement reaction?

When you have two compounds and you replace one element with another from the other compound to create two different compounds.

What is a catalyst?

Something that speeds up a chemical reaction

What are the rules for naming compounds?

Rule 1- Find the names of the elements involved (use the periodic table)

Rule 2- Place any metal in front of a non-metal

Rule 3 Add the ending “ide” to the last element.

Rule 4- If three or more elements combine and one of them is oxygen, do not use “oxygen” in the name. Instead, use the first two rules and add the ending “ate” to the last element. “Ate” tells you oxygen is in the compound.

Rule 5- Should one non-metal element in a compound contain more than the other, a special prefix is used. An element that is twice more than the other one has a prefix of “di”. Three times is “tri”. Four times is “tetra”. Five times is “penta”

What are the rules for balancing chemical equations?

Matter cannot be created, nor destroyed.

Subscripts cannot be added, removed, or changed.

you can only change coefficients

Coefficients only go in front of chemical equations, never in the middle of the formula.