Archea

spirochetes

these fix nitrogen for termites- wood has very little oxygen

Pathogens

what doesn’t fix nitrogen and steal nitrogen from their victims

Mutualistic symbionts

these fix nitrogen for their hosts.

no peptidoglycan

what about the archael cell wall is different than bacteria

lipid monolayer

what does the membrane look like in an archea that differs from more eucarya and bacteria

ether bonds

what kind of bonds are in between the archea membrane lipids

complex rna polymerases

what is different from archeas RNA compared to bacteria or eucaryotes

metabolically diverse

what is the main feature of metabolic pathways of archea

Lokiarchaeota

deep sea archea, genomes similar to eukaryotes. Have genes for actin cytoskeleton and can carry out phagocytosis

nanoarchaeum

an archeal parasite of other archea, parasitizes Ignicoccus. FOund in hot springs and deep sea vents, it had a very small genome

Geogemma

hyperthermophile isolated from a black smoker- can survive autoclaving

Chemolithoautotroph

in these the H2 is the electron donor and Fe(III) is the electron acceptor

Thermophili acidophiles

also called “thermoacidophiles”- grow in environments with high temperatures and low pH. Grows in hot springs, deep sea cents, acid mine drainage. Example: Sulfolobales

Genus sulfolobus

oxidizes elemental sulfur or hydorgen sulfie to make sulfuric acid. Grows in 80C and pH 2

Thaumarchaeota

archea in the ocean. 20 to 30% of cells in the ocean

Nitrification

many thaumarchaeota carry out the first step in (blank)

Lithotropha

nitrifying archea that use NH3 (NH4+) as thier electron donor

Euryarchaeota

occupy many differnt niches and have a large diversity of metabolic types. Include the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, and many extreme thermophiles

Methanogens

produce methane, occupy marshes, swaps, aniaml digestive tracts, deep sea sediments, landfills. They display an astonishing diversity of form. Most use H2 as their electron donor and CO2 as their electron acceptor

up to 500 liters

cows can produce this amount of methane every day

Haloarchaea

most are photoheterotrophs, cannot survive salinities, found in dead sea, great salt lake, and salted fish