Sexual Reproduction

Erection

The stiffening of the penis due to increased blood flow

Sperm

Male sec cells that fertilize the ovum/egg

Scrotum

The sack of skin that surrounds the testicles

Vas Deferens

A tube by which the sperm travel from the testicles to the seminal vesicle and urethra

Penis

The male organ of intercourse and urination

Semen

The fluid in which sperm are transported and ejaculated

Impotence

The inability to achieve an erection

Circumsision

The removal of foreskin

Epidydimis

Where the sperm are stored

Premature ejaculation

Ejaculation of semen before the penis enters the vagina or just after

Glans

The tip of the penis

Foreskin

The covering of the penis that is often removed

Testes

The male sex glands

Seminal Vesicle

Contributes a sugary fluid to the semen

Ejaculation

The rapid discharge of sperm and semen at orgasm

Ovum

A female sex cell

Spontaneous Abortion

When the body destroys the growing fetus on its' own

Fallopian Tube

The place where the egg is fertilized

Clitoris

The center of sexual stimulation for the female

Menarche

The start of menstration

Ovulation

The release of an egg from an ovary

Douche

A method of cleaning the vagina

Labia

The folds of the skid covering the opening of the vagina (there are two sets)

Vulva

The term applied to both sets of folds of the skin (labia)

Ovaries

Where the ova/eggs are stored

Hymen

A thin membrane that some women have across the opening of the vagina

Uterus

A pear shaped organ where the fertilized ovum develops into a fetus

Vagina

The birth canal and organ of intercourse

Cervix

The neck of the uterus where the uterus and vagina are joined

Placenta

The organ that attatches the fetus to the uterus and prevents mother's and fetus's blood from ever mixing

According to the narrator in the video, what is it that our bodies are working towards?

Reproduction

Around the world, about how many babies are made everyday?

400,000

From a single cell, how many cells built your body?

100 Trillion

What is the name of the molecule that carries our genes?

DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid

According to the narrator in the video, what is it that our bodies are working towards?

Trying to reproduce

Around the world, about how many babies are made everyday?

400,000

From a single cell, how many cells built your body?

100 trillion

What is the name of the molecule that carries our genes?

DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid

What does DNA make that are passed from generation to generation?

Copies of itself

If humans were all clones and we all had the same immune system, what could happen if one parasite was successful?

It could wipe us all out

Inside a man's testicle are packed tiny tubes coiled into bundles. If these bundles are stretched out, how far would they reach?

Half a mile

About how many sperm are being made in the testes every second?

1000

How many is that per day?

100 million

How many is that over a lifetime?

2 trillion

Our bodies make eggs and sperm in a special process called

Meiosis

About how many genes do you have in each cell of your body?

30,000

How many chromosomes are you made up of?

46

How many of these chromosomes come from your mom?

23

How many come from your dad?

23

When does a male start producing sperm?

At puberty

When are all of a female's eggs created?

When she is a fetus

Within a couple of months after this time, about how many eggs had she created?

Several million

Every month, what kind of an egg does one of the female's ovaries select to lavish with attention?

An immature egg

When the selected egg is ready, the egg along with its helpers oozes out of the:

Ovary

Waiting for them is the open end of the...

Fallopian tube

This leads to the...

Uterus

The tentacles (fimbria) at the end of the Fallopian tube capture the egg and...

Pull it inside

The egg is swept along by __________(a)__________ of the fallopian tube and the constant swaying of the __________(b)_________.

a.Muscular contractions b.Cilia

The egg now has everything it needs to start a new life except for one thing:

DNA from a sperm

If the egg is not fertilized within a few hours, what will happen to it?

It will die/dissolve (some sources say 24 hours)

What bodily changes occur in the male and female due to sexual excitement?

a.Brain speeds up metabolism of glucose b.Body temperature rises c.Skin sweats d.Heartbeat and breathing increase

In a man, what happens specifically?

a.Hormones cue blood vessels to relax b.Spongy tissue in penis fills with blood c.Millions of sperm squeeze out of storage

Immediately after ejaculation, the sperm are in great peril. They must either escape or die because the vagina is so...

Acidic

About what percentage of sperm ejaculated are less than perfect?

60%

What is the sperm's first obstacle on the way to the uterus?

The cervix

The sperm that make it to the uterus still have how far of a swim to its destination?

6 inches-a 2-day swim

Even though the journey is a long one, how long does it take the uterine muscles to propel the sperm into the Fallopian tube?

30 minutes

Why is there no guarantee that the sperm will fertilize the egg once it has reached the Fallopian tube?

There may be no egg

The egg is encased in a thick protein shell called the __________________ that must be broken through in order to fertilize the egg.

Zona

Once the proteins of a sperm have matched up exactly with the proteins on the surface of the egg, the sperm is held fast and it undergoes a dramatic transformation. What does it shed?

Its outer coating

What are the powerful enzymes released from the sperm able to do now?

Dissolve a hole in the zona allowing the sperm to push its way through

It's estimated that more than what percentage of all fertilized eggs fail to develop?

50%

Since the moment the sperm entered the egg (ZYGOTE), 24 hours have passed all the while moving down the Fallopian tube. Every few hours, what do the cells do?

The cells divide

The bundle of cells rapidly dividing inside the zona is called a _____________________.

Blastocyst

This bundle must now find nourishment. What does it do to break through the zona?

It releases an enzyme that eats through the zona

This bundle of cells is searching for food and O2. Where will it find this nourishment?

The uterine lining (Endometrium)

About when can a doctor tell the sex of the baby?

About 18 weeks (some sources tell us 15 is possible)

If you looked at a seven-week embryo, would you be able to tell the sex of the baby? Why or why not?

At this stage, boys and girls look the same

Inside the growing embryo at this time, there are two gonads which could become one of what two things?

Testicles or ovaries

What two chromosomes usually becomes a girl?

XX

What two chromosomes usually becomes a boy?

XY

What is the name of the gene on the Y chromosome that functions only once in a lifetime, late in the 6th week of embryonic development?

(SRY) Sex determining Region for Y chromosome

What does this gene (SRY) do?

It turns on other genes, eventually turning gonads into testicles which begin to make testosterone

After the gonads turn into testicles, what happens?

Testosterone travels throughout the body and if it reaches the genitals, a penis will be built

What happens if there are two X chromosomes?

The gonads will become ovaries

Two months after fertilization, the embryo is now called a...

Fetus

Over the next 6 ½ months, how much will the fetus grow?

400 times

When did the placenta begin to form?

As soon as the blastocyst burrowed its way into the uterine lining

What do villi do?

Grab on to oxygen and nutrients and prevent mother's and baby's blood from ever mixing

About how much faster does the heart of a fetus beat than an adult's?

Twice (An average adult heartbeat is 72 beats per minute)

What is one of the few organs that actually works during the earliest weeks of development?

Heart (begins to beat at 4 weeks)

The eye is well formed by the ninth (2.1 months) week, but the fetus doesn't respond to light until when?

5th or 6th month

When can the fetus hear?

5th month

What stage of development is the most dramatic?

The first few weeks

In the last trimester (last 3 months), what is deposited beneath the skin of the fetus?

Fat

Where else is this substance being laid down?

The brain

What does this covering allow nerve impulses to do that will greatly increase brainpower?

It allows nerve impulses to travel up to 100 times faster, greatly enhancing brain power

As a woman is going into labor, her uterus will contract again and again as the cervix begins to open. How many inches must it widen to accommodate a baby's head?

4 inches

How wide is the cervix under normal conditions (during ovulation)?

Wide enough to allow a single file of sperm through

Long before the rise of modern surgery, death was a common outcome for the baby and the mother if the vaginal opening was too narrow for the baby's head. What is the procedure called that can now be performed to prevent this tragedy.

C-Section