Plasma

• The next stage of a gas where electrons are stripped from the atom

  • A mass of free moving electrons and nuclei

• Can be really hot or cold

• Can be really dense or wispy

• How does it Form?

  • Forms when a gas hits a super high temperature or under an electric current

• EX: northern lights, LEP lights, lightning, neon lights,

Change of states

• Increase or decrease of temp

• Increase or decrease of pressure

• electricity (Sometimes)

Viscosity- the ability to resist flowing

Kinetic Theory

• Kinetic- motion/movement

• Kinetic theory of Matter

  • All matter is made up of atoms

  • all atoms are moving in some way

  • Atoms are attracted to each other by forces of attraction (F of A)

• KT of Solids

  • Define volume+shape

  • KT- in a solid, the atoms are vibrating and touching

  • F of A is very strong

• KT of Liquids

  • Definite volume + no definite shape

  • KT- in a liquid, atoms are sliding and touching

  • F of A is strong

• KT of Gas

  • No definite volume + shape

  • KT- in a gas, atoms are free and bouncing

  • There is no F of A

Temperature scales

• Physical Property- any characteristics of a matter that can be observed without altering the composition of the matter

• Physical Change- a change in a physical property

  • EX: bending, change of state, breaking, dissolving

• Changing states is a physical change cause the chemical formula of the substance dosen’t change

• Chemical Property- a characteristic of a substance that can’t be observed without altering the chemical composition

  • Substance changes identity (NEW CHEM. FORMULA)

• Chemical change- change of one substance to another

  • New substance is created

    • Looks/behaves diffrently

  • Chemical changes cannot be reversed

• Law of conservation of mass/matter- the mass of all the substances before a chemical or physical change = the mass of the substances AFTER the change

  • Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical change

Matter

• Substance- matter that has the same composition and properties throughout

  • Compound- 2 or more elements chemically combined in a different ratio that forms a new substance

    • EX:

      • Water

      • Carbon Dioxide

      • Copper II Sulfate

      • Salt

      • Hydrogen Peroxide

  • Element- (ex) Cu Si Fe Na

  • A substance can only be made out of one element or compound

• Mixture- matter made up out of 2 or more substance that are not chemically combined

  • Mixtures do not always contain the same amounts or %’s of the different substances

    • Homogeneous- A mixture that is evenly spread out

      • Gatorade

      • Coffee

      • Yogurt

      • Blood

      • Air

      • Apple sauce

    • Heterogeneous- a mixture where substances are unevenly spread out

      • Can show layers

      • Cake w/ Frosting

      • Pizza

      • Sand

      • Chicken noodle soup