CPACC Flashcards

Flashcards on Accessibility Core Competencies

CPACC (Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies)

A professional certification by IAAP representing practical application of cross-disciplinary knowledge in disabilities, accessibility, universal design, standards, laws and management strategies.

CPACC Credential

The practical application of broad, cross-disciplinary conceptual knowledge of disabilities, accessibility and universal design, and accessibility-related standards, laws, and management strategies.

Medical Model of Disability

A theoretical framework that views disability as a problem of the person, caused by disease, trauma, or other health condition requiring medical care.

Social Model of Disability

A theoretical framework that views disability as a socially created problem, arising from barriers that restrict life choices for people with impairments.

Biopsychosocial Model of Disability

A theoretical framework that accounts for biological, psychological, and social factors to understand a person's medical condition.

Economic Model of Disability

A theoretical framework that defines disability by a person's inability to participate in work, assessing the impact of impairment on productivity and economic consequences.

Functional Solutions Model of Disability

A practical perspective that identifies limitations due to disability and promotes solutions to overcome those limitations through technological or methodological innovation.

Social Identity/Cultural Affiliation Model

A framework where personal identity is derived from membership within a group of like-minded individuals, most evident among people who are deaf.

Charity Model

A framework that regards people with disabilities as unfortunate and in need of outside help, often focusing on short-term, immediate needs.

Assistive Technologies

Products, devices, systems, or items used by people with disabilities to perform tasks they could not otherwise do.

Adaptive Strategies

Adjustments that people with disabilities use to perform daily living activities, increasing their independence and ability to participate in society.

Accessibility

Designing products, services, and environments to ensure equal access for everyone, including people with disabilities.

Blindness

A sensory disability involving some, nearly complete, or complete vision loss.

Color Vision Deficiency

A sensory disability where a person may not be able to distinguish certain color combinations.

Low Vision

Uncorrectable vision loss that interferes with daily activities, better defined in terms of function rather than numerical test results.

Deafness

Total or near total loss of hearing.

Hard of Hearing (HOH)

People with hearing loss ranging from mild to severe who still have some useful hearing.

Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Difficulty hearing and understanding speech even though no measurable hearing loss exists.

Deaf-Blindness

A rare sensory disability that includes both deafness and blindness, where touch is the primary means of communication.

Speech Sound Disorders

An umbrella term for difficulties ranging from mild slurred speech to a complete inability to move the mouth to speak.

Organic Speech Sound Disorders

Speech sound disorders resulting from motor/neurological disorders, structural deficiencies or sensory/perceptual disorders.

Functional Speech Sound Disorders

Speech sound disorders not resulting from acquired or developmental disorders and have no known caused.

No Speech

Having no speech, or an inability to speak, caused by damage to the brain and /or speech muscles, by emotional or psychological reasons or both.

Aphasia

A language disorder resulting from neurological damage, affecting all uses of languages not just speech.

Mobility Impairment

Disabilities including upper or lower limb loss/disability, or challenges with manual dexterity plus disability in co-ordination with body organs or a broken skeletal structure.

Fine Motor Control

Intricate hand and wrist movements needed to manipulate, control and use objects, produce handwriting and dress independently.

Ambulation

The ability to walk from place to place independently with or without an assistive device.

Muscle Fatigue

A common non-specific symptom experienced by many people, defined as an overwhelming sense of tiredness and lack of energy.

Body Size or Shape

Disabilities caused by disorders that affect a person's stature, proportions, or shape.

Cognitive Processes

Ways a person takes in and interprets external information.

Intellectual Disability

Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, covering a range of everyday social and practical skills.

Dyslexia

A learning disability that affects a person's ability to read.

Math and Computation Disabilities

Disabilities that impact a person's ability to learn and communicate math.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A condition made up of two groups of symptoms: inattention/distraction and hyperactive/impulsive behaviours.

Autism Spectrum Disorders

A group of complex brain development disorders with difficulties in social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviours.

Non-Verbal Learning Disability

A condition where people have normal intelligence and language development but have trouble with social skills, sensory input, and making transitions.

Epilepsy

A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain with a tendency to have recurrent seizures leading to epilepsy.

Photosensitive Epilepsy

A condition in which people have seizures triggered by flashing or flickering lights or patterns.

Psychological Disabilities

Different types of mental ill-health which affect a person’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings, mood and behavior, these conditions can be occasional or long-lasting.

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders involving more than tempoarary worry or fear, the anxiety does not go away and can interfere with daily activities.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder characterised by extreme mood swings of episodes of depression/ low energy and episodes of mania where they feel high and overactive.

Psychotic Disorders

Mental disorders that affect a person's thinking and perceptions leading to psychosis where people lose touch with reality.

Multiple/Complex Disabilities

When more than one disability is present within a person, including those physical, mental or a combination of types.

Reasonable Accommodations

Specific modifications and adjustments made to an environment, product or service to ensure equal access and opportunity for people with disabilities in a specific case.

Universal Design

A product or service developed in a way that as many people as possible can use it without needing adaptations.

Accessibility (in design)

Designing so that people with disabilities have an equivalent user experience without barriers or discrimination.

Usability

Ease of use and the user experience, which does not always consider the needs of people with disabilities.

Universal design (inclusivity)

Seeks to involve and include everyone to the greatest extent possible without specifying any particular target groups.

Web Accessibility

An approach that ensures websites, tools and technologies are designed and developed so that people with disabilities can use them.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

A set of guidelines that account for various student needs and preferences when designing instruction that emphasises flexibility in the presentation and demonstration of knowledge.

User-Centered Design

An approach that puts the user at the center of every stage in the design and development process to ensure they can use the product or services and to provide a better user experience.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)

Recognizes the rights of people with all types of disabilities to enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms including accessibility, through states taking steps to implement these rights .

The Marrakesh Treaty

The main goal is to provide the blind, visually impaired, and otherwise print disabled (VIPs) with greater access to published works through a copyright limitation to enable accessible versions and materials.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

Bringing together the fundamental rights of everyone living in the EU to bring consistency and clarity to the rights established at different times and in different ways in individual EU Member States.

The European Social Charter (ESC)

The right of people with disabilities to independence, social integration and participation in community life.

African Charter on Human and People’s Rights

Recognizes the rights of all African people and has been used to fight discrimination against people with disabilities and to provide equal protection.

The Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities

To prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society.

The Equality Act 2010

Improved protections from discrimination in the workplace and society for people in England, Scotland and Wales including the elimination of disability discrimination.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Guarantees equal opportunities for people with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications.

Ontarians with Disabilities Act of 2001

Ensures the rights of people with disabilities in Ontario to equal opportunities and to be free from discrimination.

Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA) of 2010

Updates federal communications law to increase the access of persons with disabilities to modern communications and that are brought up to date with 21st-century technologies.

Air Carrier Access Act

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in air travel defining the rights of passengers and the obligations of airlines under this law.

EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD)

Directs that services provided by media service providers are made continuously and progressively more accessible to people with disabilities.

European Electronic Communications Code

Lays out rules that promote addressing the needs of end-users with disabilities, supporting equivalent access and choice in telecommunication services throughout Europe.

Procurement laws and regulations

Details accessibility standards that products and services should meet by ensuring that user needs are accounted for when procuring products and services.

Initiate web accessibility implementation

To succeed, a web accessibility effort must be well grounded in organizational culture, process, and practice; to do this, align accessibility with existing organizational approaches and develop and communicate clear, measurable objectives.

Plan for web accessibility implementation

Effective implementation of any accessibility effort through careful planning, ensuring a clear assessment of the required work, distribution of tasks, and continual follow-up on progress.

Implement web accessibility implementation

Maximizing overhead and improving the overall quality of the final outcome through weaving accessibility implementation throughout the process.

Sustain web accessibility implementation

Keeping momentum helps with the accessibility maintenance for completed projects and builds on completed work for new projects.