test 1 revised

Endocrine glands secrete their products by way of ducts.

False

The anterior pituitary originates from the hypophyseal pouch and gets signals from the hypothalamus through the hypophyseal portal system.

True

Somatostatin will stimulate the release of growth hormones, but GHRH will inhibit its release.

False

The following are all hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary: FSH, LH, ACTH and ADH.

False

Hypersecretion of cortisol leads to Cushing's Syndrome, a disorder that causes problems like edema, hvpertension and muscle weakness.

True

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone in children and adolescents causes acromegaly, resulting in abnormally long bones.

False

The adrenal cortex is considered a true endocrine gland. On the other hand, the adrenal medulla is a modified portion of the sympathetic nervous system, so we call it "neuroendocrine" tissue.

True

Hydrophilic hormones can be transported inside their target cells, while hydrophobic hormones must bind to receptors on the cell membrane surface in order to activate 2nd messenger pathways.

False

"Hemostasis" means the production of formed elements in the blood.

True

A person develops anti-A antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen A, and anti-B antibodies only after he is exposed to antigen B.

False

Severe lack of protein in the diet can make water move from the bloodstream into the surrounding body tissues, causing tissue swelling. If this occurs in the abdomen it's called "ascites."

True

The thymus can make 7 kinds of formed elements in the blood, while the bone marrow only makes lymphocytes.

False

If iron levels get too high, it can lead jaundice.

False

Leukemia is a cancer that causes an overproduction of immature leukocytes. Treatment includes chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant.

True

Platelets are important in controlling small hemorrhages. In the first phase of this control, platelets release serotonin to vasoconstrict the damaged vessel.

True

Type B individuals can safely donate RBCs to the AB individuals and receive RBCs from type O Donors.

True

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of hormones and effects of those hormones?

a. GnRH from Hypothalamus -> FSH from Anterior Pituitary -> Mammary Glands -> Lactation

b. CRH from Hypothalamus -> ACTH from Anterior Pituitary -> Adrenals -> Release of corticosteroids

c. TRH from Hypothalamus -> Prolactin from Posterior Pituitary -> Ovaries -> Ovulation

d. GHIH from Hypothalamus -> GH from Posterior Pituitary -> growth of muscles and bones

b. CRH from Hypothalamus -> ACTH from Anterior Pituitary -> Adrenals -> Release of corticosteroids

If the posterior pituitary were destroyed, which of the following functions would not be impaired?

a. Increasing water absorption from kidneys

b. Contractions of the uterus during childbirth

c. Milk flow during breastfeeding

d. Development of follicles in the ovaries

d. Development of follicles in the ovaries

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the pancreatic Islets of Langerhans?

a. Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells between meals

Insulin is secreted from beta cells during or just after a meal

C. Glucagon promotes glycogenesis and storage of excess glucose as fat

d. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels e. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels

C. Glucagon promotes glycogenesis and storage of excess glucose as fat

Which of the following describes Type 1 but NOT Type 2 diabetes?

a. Characterized by glycosuria.

b. Characterized by hyperglycemia

c. Beta cells are destroyed in the pancreas

d. Body cells are insulin-resistant

e. Main treatment is diet and exercise

b. Characterized by hyperglycemia

Which one of the following describes polyphagia (one symptom of diabetes)?

a. Extreme thirst

b. Extreme hunger

c. Abnormally high glucose levels in the blood

d. Abnormally high volume of urine production

c. Abnormally high glucose levels in the blood

Where is Aldosterone secreted from?

a. Adrenal medulla

b. Adrenal cortex-zona glomerulosa

c. Adrenal cortex-zona reticularis

d. Pineal gland

e. Posterior Pituitary

b. Adrenal cortex-zona glomerulosa

What is Aldosterone's main effect?

a. Stimulates milk flow during lactation

b. Stimulates follicle development in females; sperm production in males

c. Promotes Ca?+ deposition (therefore ICa?*levels in the blood).

d. Promotes Ca?+ release from bones (therefore *Ca?+ levels in the blood).

e. Increases Na+ absorption on kidneys

e. Increases Na+ absorption on kidneys

Where is melatonin secreted from?

a. Pancreas

b. Parafollicular cells of Thyroid

c. Adrenal cortex-zona reticularis

d. Pineal gland

e. Posterior Pituitary

d. Pineal gland

What is the effect of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

a. Stimulates milk flow during lactation

b. Stimulates follicle development in females sperm production in males

c. Promotes Ca? deposition (therefore ICa?+levels in the blood).

d. Promotes Ca?+ release from bones (therefore Ca?* levels in the blood).

e. Increases Na+ absorption on kidneys

d. Promotes Ca?+ release from bones (therefore Ca?* levels in the blood).

The hormones secreted from the thymus all stimulate development and activity of

a. T cells of the immune system

b. Parafollicular cells of Thyroid

c. Alpha cells of Pancreas

d. Glomerular cells in Adrenal gland

e.Paraventricular cells of Hypothalamus

a. T cells of the immune system

Where are epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine secreted from?

a. Adrenal medulla

b. Adrenal cortex-zona glomerulosa

c. Adrenal cortex-zona reticularis

d. Pineal gland

e. Posterior Pituitary

a. Adrenal medulla

What layer of the adrenal cortex primarily secretes the sex hormones involved in developing sexual characteristics and increasing sex drive?

a. Adrenal medulla

b. Adrenal cortex-zona glomerulosa

c. Adrenal cortex-zona reticularis

d. Adrenal cortex- zona fasciculata

c. Adrenal cortex-zona reticularis

What hormone, secreted from the fascicular layer of the adrenal cortex, stimulates protein and fat catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and release of fatty acids and glucose in the blood?

a. Oxytocin

b. ADH

c. Cortisol

d. Growth Hormone

e. Glucagon

c. Cortisol

You have centrifuged a tube of blood. Which of the following CORRECTLY pairs the blood laver with its components?

a. plasma; nutrients, gases and electrolytes

b. buffy coat; albumins that contribute to blood viscosity

c. plasma; thrombocytes

d. buffy coat; globulins for immunity

e. plasma; erythrocytes

a. plasma; nutrients, gases and electrolytes

You travel from Berrien Springs to Denver, Colorado to visit your cousins. Denver is at a higher altitude than Berrien Springs, so the air contains less oxygen. This produces temporary hypoxemia (oxygen deficiency in the blood). Which of the following would you expect to happen as a result?

a. Kidneys and liver will release more erythropoietin (EPO)

b. Hemopoiesis will increase

c. RBC count will increase

d. None of these will likely happe

e. All of these will likely happen

e. All of these will likely happen

Can result if too much erythropoietin is released from the liver and kidneys

a. Thalassemia

b. Anemia

c. Hemophilia

d. Polycythemia

e. Thrombosis

d. Polycythemia

Would be indicated by a lower hematocrit

a. Thalassemia

b. Anemia

c. Hemophilia

d. Polycythemia

e. Thrombosis

b. Anemia

Could be caused by cancer of the erythropoietic cell line in red bone marrow

a. Thalassemia

b. Anemia

c. Hemophilia

d. Polycythemia

e. Thrombosis

d. Polycythemia

The best treatment would be giving the patient something that will ultimately produce fibrin

a. Thalassemia

b. Anemia

c. Hemophilia

d. Polycythemia

e. Thrombosis

c. Hemophilia

Abnormal clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

a. Thalassemia

b. Anemia

c. Hemophilia

d. Polycythemia

e. Thrombosis

e. Thrombosis

The steps of the life cycle of an erythrocyte are

a. Erythrocyte (FU -> erythrocyte -> reticulocyte -> erythroblast

b. Erythrocyte -> erythrocyte FU -> reticulocyte -> ervthroblast

c. Erythrocyte (FU -> erythroblast -> reticulocyte -> erythrocyte

d. Erythrocyte (FU -> erythrocyte -> reticulocyte -> erythroblast

c. Erythrocyte (FU -> erythroblast -> reticulocyte -> erythrocyte

The most common type of leukocyte is a

a. neutrophil

b. eosinophil

c. basophil

d. lymphocyte

e. monocyte

a. neutrophil

Type AB blood has ____ RBC antigens

a. no antigens

b. anti-A and anti-B

c. anti-A

d. anti-B

e. A and B antigens

e. A and B antigens

A person with Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____ and receive RBCs of type_____.

a. A; B

b. B; A

c. AB; O

d. O; AB

e. O; O

c. AB; O

In the first century AD, a Roman physician name Aulus Celsus described an endocrine disorder involving the butterfly-shaped endocrine organ (largest in the body) called the

a. thymus

b. thyroid

c. adrenal

d. pineal

e. ovary

b. thyroid

Aulus Celsus explained that this gland could form a large swollen area at the base of the neck that he called a 'bronchocele." The gland is composed of sacs lined with cuboidal epithelial cells called _____ cells.

a. follicular

b. fascicular

c. supraoptic

d. gonadotropic

e. somatotropic

a. follicular

These cells secrete a mixture of 2 chemical compounds that together make a functional hormone. The functions of this hormone do NOT include ___

a. heat production

b. metabolism

c. GH secretion

d. Na+ absorption in kidneys

e. oxygen consumption

d. Na+ absorption in kidneys

The endocrine axis that releases the hormone

starts with ____ a hormone released from the hypothalamus.

a. GnRH

b. TRH

c. TSH

d. GHRH

b. TRH

The hypothalamic hormone travels down the _____ to the ______pituitary to cause the release of ______

hypophyseal portal system; anterior; TSH

In the clinical disorder called _______, the body produces antibodies that act like the pituitary hormone to make this endocrine gland grow and release too much hormone. Back in Aulus Celsus' day, the common treatment for this disorder was to cut out the entire gland, or burn it out with acid.

a. myxedema

b. gigantism

c. dwarfism

d. acromegaly

e. goiter

e. goiter

What he didn't understand is that removing the gland would cause their hormone levels to become too low, resulting in a condition called ______ in adults.

a. myxedema

b. gigantism

c. dwarfism

d. acromegaly

e. goiter

a. myxedema

We now treat these enlarged glands by blocking the antibodies or alternatively give the person a radioactive form of ______ (a chemical that is necessary for the production of its hormones).

c. iodine