History ID Terms 2 Significance

Selective Service Act

allowed US to build army, expanded government power

made conscription more fair (bonuses and substitutes),

set precedent for future drafts,

collected data so revealed social and scientific trends.

World War 1

first global conflict

expanded federal authority (Selective Service, espionage and sedition)

created new nations (collapse of Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman empires, Germany

sparked future tensions for World War 2 with treaty of Versailles

women and African Americans gained new opportunities

laid groundwork for great depression

Women and the War Effort

challenged traditional gender roles

showed importance to nations success

led to 19th amendment

major step toward social an political equality. 

The Red Summer

first time African Americans fought back

led to deaths and destruction

Africans were no longer going to accept racial oppression

marked a turning point toward Black activism

showed that the promises of democracy and equality WW1 had not been fulfilled

helped understand the deep-rooted racism in America

Radio

shared national experience,

spread sports, news, music

politically gave leaders a way to speak to the public

created new jobs like broadcasters

entertainment for people who couldn’t read

New Women

marked cultural shift that women claimed more control over lives

redefined womanhood

encouraged women to seek careers and higher education

shifted fight from reform to full equality like ERA

New Negro

challenged old stereotypes

connected to the Harlem Renaissance

encouraged a new generation of activism →civil rights movement

fueled harlem renaissance

celebrated black culture so created new arts, literature

Harlem Renaissance

most significant black cultural movement of the early 20th century

celebration of black culture

political statement for racial pride

gave way to many intellectuals (Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston)

inspired new generation of activism

proved that black artists and thinkers were central to modern American life

Marcus Garvey

made lasting impact on Black consciousness

inspired leaders elsewhere like the 1st president of Ghana

gave people dignity not granted to them in their everyday lives(black is beautiful)

helped Africans take pride in their race

promoted Pan-Africanism

created Black Starline. 

The equal Rights Amendment

marked new phase in women’s rights movement

cultural shift of true equality

defeated in congress but demonstrated continuing struggle

challenged traditional gender roles

Consumerism

fueled a new economy of mass consumption

people believed happiness came from owning products and enjoying luxaries

advertising became popular

more people bought on credit

economic instability (great depression)

growth of department stores like Marshall Field and Co

new standards of living

FDR

transformed the role of the federal government

transformed how president addresses people (fireside chat)

refined relationship between government and people

launched agencies like social security 

expanded federal power

The Great Depression

showed flaws in american economy(wealth inequality, overproduction, weak banking system)

millions of families lost their homes and jobs

unemployment=most ever 25%

forced Americans to rethink role of government

Smoot Hawley Tariff put international trade to halt for a time,

new deal reforms like social security

The New Deal

changed relationship between the government and the people,

gov responsible for economic stability

led to agencies like Public Works Administration

Helped great depression

social secutriy

Race and the New Deal

new deal programs did not help racial hierarchy

reinforced segregation

caused disproportionate suffering

supposed to help but made it worse for others

Works Progress Administration

largest and most ambitious new deal agency,

8 million employed

gave dignity and stability to people who lost everything during the great depression 

built infrastructure like parks buildings, roads

funded artists and musicians leading to the federal arts project that captured life during the depression that we still look at today

Peal Harbor

ended US isolationism, 

brought country to world war 2

led to suspicions of Japanese american (internment camps)

made us join war and allied forces. 

Japanese Internment Camps

housed American citizens

harsh conditions

revealed fragility of civil liberties

revealed deep racial discrimination

families lost property, jobs, and financial security

led to 1988 reagan signing a formal apology.

WW2 on the Homefront

revived american economy, 

ended great depression

demonstrated that collective sacrifice was required

required women to join workforce

challenged traditional gender roles

fueled suburban growth(more jobs so higher incomes, also gI bill)

Executive Order 8802/Double V Campaign

double v was a symbol of black pride,

urged nation to confront racial injustices,’

showed continued struggle for democracy

set the stage for postwar civil rights movement

8802 est. fair employment practices committee

first federal action since reconstruction

opened new opportunities for African Americans

GI Bill

transformed American Society

racial inequality continued

increased higher education

rise in homeownership

suburbanization

benefits were not equally distributed so black veterans were denied loans

The Early Cold War

set the stage for decades of global conflict and competition,

transformed US foreign policy from isolationism to international leadership

created a culture of fear and conformity(fear of nuclear war, and communist)

caused marshall plan to push capitalism over countries in europe

truman doctrine with policy of containment

Truman Doctrine

signaled a shift away from isolationism towards global leadership

formalized strategy of containment

considered the beginning of cold war

paved war for new alliances such as NATO

led to significant financial aid plan like marshall plan

Korean War

death

sense of panic through loss of china

solidified division in Korea that we still have today

demonstrated US commitment to containing communism,

increased in the nations military spending (needed to stay strong to stop communism)

McCarthyism

caused symptom of hysteria

skeptical political world

encouraged conformity

ignited lavender scare (gay)

fueled HUAC

decline in union membership

weakened labor movement

religon and politics more intertwined (godless communism)

Joseph McCarthy

heightened cold war fears,

created McCarthyism

sparked climate of suspicions and conformity

demonstrated how fear can be used as a political weapon(influence and manipulate opinion)

destroyed careers

fueled HUAC

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

reflected intense fear of communism

fueled culture of suspicion and conformity

blacklisted people including the Hollywood 10

turned anti communism into national obsession

blurred the line between national security and personals freedom

destoryed reputaitons

Suburbanization

reshaped economy and landscape(boom in construction, suburbs were economic centers of growth, rows of houses, spread out, car dependent)

first single family homes

symbols of middle class prosperity

led to urban decline'

baby boom(low interest homes, more money, more space)

segregation

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boom in construction appliance and automotive industries. 

Brown v. Board

victory for civil rights movement

turning point for struggle racial equality

overturned Plessy but just in public schools

massive resistance 

many ignored

offered constitutional cover for civil rights movement

Redlining

basically segregation

white Americans benefitted more

showed unfairness

turned federal housing policy into tool of racial inequality

led to protests

supreme court case of Shelly v. Kraemer (racially restrictive housing covenants cannot be legally enforced)

Emmett Till

showed racial violence was still in south

turning point in fight for civil rights

open casket so horrified public

brought attention to horrors

national outrage

inspired new generation of civil rights activist(change cant be delayed)

Rosa Parks mentioned that Till was a reason she refused to give up her bus seat

Rosa Parks

symbolized power of nonviolent protest

propelled martin Luther king into national leadership(led boycott)

Montgomery buss boycott

crippled cities bus system

captured national attention

crushed segregation in Montgomery public transportation

energized civil rights movement

Television

powerful engine of consumer culture(advertisement)

allowed Americans to see national events unfold in real time

idealized the nuclear family

traditional gender roles

became center of American life with 90 percent owning a TV