Grade 11th Unit 6 Histroy Flashcards

Archipelago

A grouping of islands. (Hawaii)

Shoguns

Ruling governors over large areas, rule with their Samurai, the fighting elite.

Samurai

Japanese Knights/warriors

Seppuku/Hara Kiri

Ritualistic suicide where the Samurai carves out their own stomach to die and reclaim their honor.

Bushido

The way of the warrior. A code used by samurai to guide combat. Surrender is dishonorable.

Meiji Restoration

Tokugawa Dynasty ends Shogunate, begins a period of modernization. Moves capital from Kyoto to Tokyo. No more shotguns or Samurais. Establishes a modern government with a legislative branch and a constitution

Yuan Empire

The empire established by Kublai Khan. The Chinese part of the Mongol Dynasty.

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide bombing attack.

Kublai Khan

Founder of the Yuan Mongol dynasty in China (Grandson of Genghis Khan)

Kamikaze

Severe storms with strong winds that were sent by God to protect the Japanese Homeland.

Tsunamis

Large earthquakes that occur near or under the ocean.

Mongolian Invasion of Japan

Kublai Khan sends two huge fleets from Korea and China. The Japanese and especially the samurai warriors defended their shores but it would be typhoon storms and the kamikaze winds which sank and drowned countless ships and men, saving Japan from foreign conquest.

Renaissance

The revival of art and literature under the influence of new learning, Technology and Roman/Greek history in the 14th-16th centuries.

Guttenberg Press

A machine that transfers lettering or images by contact with various forms of an inked surface onto paper or similar material fed into it in various ways. (Newspapers)

Medici Family

An Italian family of bankers, merchants, and rulers of Florence and Tuscany.

secular

Not religious oriented

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches broken off of the Catholic church.

Indulgences

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Protestant Reformation.

Martin Luther

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

95 Theses

Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on Octobe 31, 1517. Started the Protestant Reformation

Protestants

Those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church; Today, many non-Catholic Christian groups

Theocracy

Government run by religious leaders

Henry the 8th

King of England who established the church of England in order to divorce his wives; 6 wives; Killed, Divorced, died, killed, divorced, survived

Capitalism

An economic state in which the means of production are mostly privately owned.

Absolutism

A political system in which a ruler holds total power

Divine Right

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Charles V

Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556) with the growing Hapsburg Empire.

Louis XIV

(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.

John Locke

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

Baron de Montesquieu

believed government should have separation of powers so that power was divided up

Jean Jacques Rousseau-

French Philosoph who agreed with earlier ideas of the "Social Contract" he explained an ideal society where each community member would vote on issues and majority would become one law.

Voltaire

(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism. Supported Laissez Faire economics

French Revolution

The revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.

Estates System

French social system that divided the people into three categories: the clergy, the nobility, and everyone else

Estates General

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.

The Bastille

Fortress in Paris used as a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians stormed it in 1789

Declarations of Rights of Man

stated that all males have the right to be free and that men are born and remain free in equal rights

Jacobins

Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794.

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

Coalition

a group of individuals with a common interest

Charlotte Corday

Killed famous Jacobin Jean Paul-Marat in his bath tub because she thought that killing him would stop the violence of the Revolution; It didn't.

Reign of Terror

This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and usually executed.

Committee of Public Safety

The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795.

Guillotine

A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.

Coup D'etat

a sudden overthrow of the government

End of the French Revolution

Rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte

Robespierre

A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial.

The Directory

Group of five men who took control and ruled on the behalf of the 30,000 richest people in France. Overthrown by Napoleon.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

What were some of the effects of the French Revolution?

Napoleon's Dictatorial Rise, Latin American Revolutions, Rise of European Alliances and instability within monarchies in Europe