Mod 11 - Reproductive System

Altricial

Altricial

hatched or born helpless and requiring significant parental care

Bicornuate

having two large uterine horns

Castration

surgical removal of the testis (testes)

Cervix

caudal portion of the uterus that extending into the vagina

Colostrum

thick fluid that contains nutrients and antibodies needed by the neonate

corpus luteum

yellow ruptured follicle, yellow body, secreted progesterone

copulate, copulation

engaging in sexual intercourse

Cryptorchidism

developmental defect in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum

Dystocia

difficult birth

Embryo

developing zygote after implantation

Epididymis

tube at the upper part of each testis that secretes part of the semen, stores semen before ejaculation, and provides a passageway for sperm

estrous cycle

heat cycle, occurs at the onset of puberty and continues to animal's life

Estrus

period of estrous cycle in which the female is receptive to the male; heat cycle

Fetus

unborn animal

Gamete

sex cell

genitals, genitalia

reproductive organs

Gestation

period of development of the fetus in the uterus from conception to parturition and is the term more commonly used in reference to animals

Gravid

carrying eggs or young; pregnant

Implantation

attachment and embedding of the zygote in uterus

induced ovulator

animals in which the ovum is released only after copulation

Labia

fleshy borders or edges of the vulva

Lactation

process of forming and secreting milk

mammary gland

milk producing glands in females

mast/o

mammary gland

mastitis

inflammation of the mammary gland

neonate

newborn

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testes

Orchiectomy

surgical removal of the testis (testes) aka castration

os penis

bone encased in penile tissue

Ovariohysterectomy

surgical removal of the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus (spay)

Ovary, ovaries

small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen

ovari/o

ovary; female gonad

oviduct

paired tubes that extend from cranial portion of the uterus to the ovary (not attached though)

Oviparous

bearing eggs

Ovulation

graafian follicle ruptures and expels ovum from ovary ( in heat)

Ovum

mature egg

ova

egg

oo/o, ov/i, ov/o

egg

Paraphimosis

retraction of the skin of the prepuce causing a painful swelling of the glans penis that prevents the penis from being retracted; the penis is extruded from the prepuce but cannot be returned to its normal position

Parturition

act of giving birth (labor)

Penis

male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body

pen/i, priap/o

penis

Perineum

area between the scrotum and anus in males; between vaginal orifice and anus in females

Placenta

female organ of mammals that develops during pregnancy and joins mother and offspring for exchange of nutrients

Polyestrous

having more than one estrus or heat cycle per year

Precocial

mini adult; hatched or born in an advanced state and able to feed itself and move independently almost immediately

Prepuce

retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis

Priapism

persistent penile erection not associated with sexual excitement.

prostate gland

single gland that surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on the species

Scrotum (scrotal sac)

external pouch that encloses and supports the testes (outside the body)

seasonally polyestrous

having more than one estrous during a specific time of year

semen

ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and secretions of the accessory sex glands

sigmoid flexure

S-shaped bend in the penis

Spermatozoa

sperm cells, male gametes, sperm

Teat

nipple area in large animals

Teratogen

substances that produce defects in the fetus

testis, testes

male sex glands that produces spermatozoa

Theriogenology

used to describe animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts

Transmammary

across or through the mammary glands; by ingestion of milk

Udder

mammary glands in large animals

Umbilicus

structure that forms on the abdominal wall where the umbilical cord was connected to the fetus

uterine body

uterine horn

uterus

thick-walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females

metri/o, hyster/o

uterus

Vagina

muscular tube lined w mucosa that extends from the cervix of the outside of the body

vas deferens (AKA ductus deferens)

tube connected to the epididymis that carries sperm into the pelvic region toward the urethra

Viviparous

live birth

Vulva

female external genitalia to the urogenital tract

vulv/o, episi/o

vulva

Zygote

fertilized egg

AI

artificial insemination

CMT

California Mastitis Test

OHE

ovariohysterectomy

OVH

ovariohysterectomy