WHAP - Unit 4 Vocab

WHAP Unit 4 Vocab

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.

Fluyt

A Dutch type of sailing vessel originally designed as a dedicated cargo vessel.

Encomienda

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it

Hacienda

Large, self-sufficient farming estates/plantations formed by Spanish colonists

Joint-Stock Company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Vodun (voodoo)

African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti.

Santeria

Cuban religion that combines Catholic and West African beliefs

Mestizo

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.

Mulatto

A person of mixed African and European ancestry

Creoles

In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World.

Peninsulares

Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.

British East India Company

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Dutch East India Company (VOC)

Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns, Rum and other finished goods to Africa.

Bullion

Gold and silver

Carrack

Large Portuguese ship used for ocean travel

Henry the Navigator

This Portuguese prince who lead an extensive effort to promote seafaring expertise in the 14th century. Sent many expedition to the coast of West Africa in the 15th century, leading Portugal to discover a route around Africa, ultimately to India.

Vasco de Gama

A Portuguese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.

Trading Post Empire

Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

The Great Dying

Triggered by the arrival of Europeans and the introduction of new pathogens to the continent. Together, with warfare and slavery, there was an epidemic of diseases such as smallpox, measles, influenza and cholera. (**NOT ACTUAL DEFINITION - UNDERSTAND THIS ONE)

Chattel Slavery

A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.

Indentured Servitude

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians.

Casta system

Strict social hierarchy structured on racial components, designed to ensure Spanish-European dominance in new Spain

Kingdom of Kongo

Kingdom dominating small states along the Congo River that maintained effective, centralized government and a royal currency until the seventeenth century.

Asante

African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680. A major participant in the Atlantic economy, trading gold, slaves, and ivory.

Middle Passage

The route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean, Brazil, and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade

Viceroy

A governor or ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign in a province or colony

Audiencias

Courts appointed by the king who reviewed the administration of viceroys serving Spanish colonies in America.

Commerical Revolution

The transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver.

Maroons

Runaway slaves who gathered in mountainous, forested, or swampy areas and formed their own self-governing communities, raided plantations for supplies, had military skills from Africa.