Arterial circulatory system anatomy

Tunica intima, media, and adventicia

What are the 3 layers of vessels

Tunica intima

What is the innermost layer of vessels consisting of endothelial cells

Tunica media

What layer of vessels is made up of smooth muscle cells

Tunica adventitia

What layer of vessel is consisting of connective tissue, nerve fibres and small vessel capillaries

Tunica media

What layer of vessels is the thickest

Tunica adventitia

What lay of vessels does vasa vasorum originate in

Small vessel capillaries

What are vasa vasorum

Endothelial lining

What is 1

Intima

What is 2

Media

What is 3

Adventicia

What is 4

Stopcocks

Arterioles are the ___________ of the vascular system

Resistance

The arterioles are the main providers of ___________ to blood flow within the vascular system

All arteries except the aorta and major branches

What does small and medium sized arteries include

True

T/F: small and medium sized arteries are more elastic and fibrous than arterioles

Aorta and its largest branches

What does large elastic arteries include

Large amount of elastic fibres and less smooth muscle cells

Describe the composition of the walls of large arteries (aorta and its branches)

Size

What are arteries classified according to

Four

How many vessels supplies the brain

2 ICA's and 2 vertebral arteries

What 4 arteries supply the brain

Brachiocephalic, LT cca, and LT subclavian (arteries coming off the aortic arch)

What supplies the central nervous system

Brachiocephalic, LT CCA, LT subclavian

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch

Slightly posterior from the arch to the right side of the neck

Describe the path of the Brachiocephalic artery

Innominate artery

What is another term for the Brachiocephalic artery

Rt CCA and rt subclavian artery

What does the innominate artery branch into

Upper border of the right sternoclavicular junction

Where does the Brachiocephalic artery branch into the RT CCA and RT Subclavian artery

Left sternoclavicular joint

What does the LT CCA pass underneath after ascending from the aortic arch

False

T/F: the common carotid arteries have a lot of branches coming off them as they travel toward the brain

Internal and external carotid arteries

what does the common carotid artery split into?

Upper border of the thyroid cartilage

Where does the cca divide into internal and external carotids

Aorta

What is 1

Innominate

What is 2

LT CCA

What is 3

LT subclavian

What is 4

RT subclavian

What is 5

RT CCA

What is 6

ECA

What is 7

ICA

What is 8

Vertebral arteries

What is 9

Spinal branches

What is 10

Thryocervical trunk

What is 11

Basilar artery

What is 12

Vessel becomes enlarged, forming carotid bulb

What happens where the CCA splits into the ECA and ICA

In cranium

Where do the ICA's bifurcate

Anterior circulation of the cerebrum

What does the ICAs suppler

True

T/F: the cervical ICA contains no branches

Can be straight or tortuous

Describe the nature of the ICA (is it tortuous or straight?)

Ophthalmic artery

What is the first branch of the ICA

Carotid siphon

Where does the ophthalmic artery arise at the level of

Cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the ICA

What is the carotid siphon

MCA and ACA

What does the ICA bifurcate into in the cranium

Middle cerebral artery

What does MCA stand for

Anterior cerebral artery

What does ACA stand for

CCA

What is 1

Superior thyroid artery

What is 2

ECA

What is 3

ICA

What is 4

Ophthalmic artery

What is 5

Vertebral artery

What is 6

Basilar artery

What is 7

Thyrocervical trunk

What is 8

Carotid siphon

Where does the ophthalmic artery arise from

Anterior through the optic canal to the orbit

How does the ophthalmic artery travel

Ophthalmic artery anastomoses with branches of the ECA to create collateral flow

Describe what can happen to the ophthalmic artery when the ICA becomes occluded

Supraorbital artery, frontal artery, nasal artery

List the 3 branches of the ECA that the ophthalmic artery can anastomose with when the ICA becomes excluded

Supraorbital artery

What artery lies over the top of the eyeball and pass through the Supraorbital foramen

Frontal artery

Which artery lies towards the inner aspect of the eye along the top

Nasal artery

Which artery is the most medial branch of the ECA and terminates close to the bridge of the nose

Angular artery

What does the nasal artery become close to the bridge of the nose

Facial artery

Which artery also terminates around the bridge of the nose

Supraorbital artery

Which artery passes through the Supraorbital foramen

False

T/F: the ECA normally supplies blood to the brain

Occlusion

What type of pathology may result in the ECA to abnormally supply blood to the brain

branches of the ECA may anastomose with the ICA or vertebral to provide collateral flow

Describe what would happen to the ECA if there is an occlusion

Ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid, lingual, external maxillary, occipital, facial, posterior auricular, internal maxillary, transverse facial, superficial temporal arteries

List all of the ECA branches

Those in communication with the ophthalmic artery

Which ECA branches are the most vital to collateral circulation

Posterior circulation to the brain

What does the vertebral artery supply

Transverse foramina of the supper cervical vertebrae

What does the vertebral arteries lie within

Subarachnoid space

What does the vertebral arteries go into anteriorly

Travel cephalic and anteriorly until they join to creat the basilar artery

How does the vertebral arteries travel

Basilar artery

What does the vertebral arteries from with they join

4

How many branches does the basilar artery contain

Pons, anterior and posterior cerebellum

What does the basilar artery feed

Vertebral arteries

What is 1

Basilar artery

What is 2

Circle of Willis

What is 3

Cerebral branches of the ICAs and the vertebral arteries

What forms the circle of Willis

Base of the brain

Where is the circle of Willis formed

Provide the most important collateral circulation intracranially

What is the significance of the circle of Willis

True

T/F: although the circle of Willis is very important, it is also a frequent site of aneurysm

Anterior and posterior communicating arteries

What are the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries joined together by

ACA

What supplies the majority of blood t the brain

Absence

What does hypoplasia mean

Hypoplasia of one or more of the communicating arteries

What is the most common congenital variations of the circle of Willis