vocab essay

influential reach

sức ảnh hưởng rộng rãi

Given their …, the question arises as to whether these public figures should bear legal responsibility for the potential consequences of the products they endorse.

bear legal responsibility

chịu trách nhiệm pháp lý

posit

to suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for an argument or discussion: chỉ ra; thừa nhận

• She … that ideas of gender are socially constructed.

sway

power or influence over somebody: sức ảnh hưởng

• hold …

• significant …

• Traditional attitudes still hold … in the region.

personality

a famous person, especially one who works in entertainment or sport: người nổi tiếng

• Various … from the world of music were invited.

• a well-known TV/radio/sports …

exercise sufficient caution

cảnh giác; suy xét đủ

medication

​a drug or another form of medicine that you take to prevent or to treat an illness; treatment involving drugs

• The condition may require prolonged …

held legally liable

chịu trách nhiệm pháp luật

misrepresent

​to give information about somebody/something that is not true or complete so that other people have the wrong impression about them/it: thông tin sai lệch làm người khác hiểu sai(somebody/ something)

• He felt that the book … his opinions.

• In the article she was … as an uncaring mother.

due

that is suitable or right in the circumstances:

• He was charged with driving without … care and attention.

• … allowance should be made for inexperience.

due diligence

a careful investigation of the state of a business by a person or organization that is thinking of buying it or investing in it: nghiên cứu kĩ càng cẩn thận

• public figures conduct … prior to endorsing health-related items.

narrative of accountability

the role of celebrities as mere promoters complicates the …

fudiciary

​involving trust, especially in a situation where a person or company controls money or property belonging to others: thuộc về tín nhiệm, ủy thác

• the company’s…duty to its shareholders

froxy

something that you use to represent something else that you are trying to measure or calculate: for something(for something) : cái thể hiện cái gì

• The number of patients on a doctor's list was seen as a good … for assessing how hard they work.

convey the endorsement

truyền đạt sự ủng hộ

regulatory entities

những agent quản lí, kiểm soát

attribute claim to

đổ lỗi

accountability mechanisms

cơ chế trách nhiệm

context-dependent

phụ thuộc vào tình huống

parental involvement

sự can thiệp; hỗ trợ của cha mẹ

work ethic

the way that someone feels about the importance of work, usually the belief that it is important to work hard: ý tưởng của ai rằng công việc là tốt

• strong …

• The unemployed are often criticized for having a poor …

• The aim of the program is to instil a … and a sense of teamwork in young people.

monitor

to watch and check something over a period of time in order to see how it develops, so that you can make any necessary changes: theo dõi, sát sao

• Each student's progress is closely …

• The patient is carefully …

scaffold

a structure made of scaffolding for workers to stand on when they want to reach high parts of a building: giàn giáo

• In this sense, strategic parental support can act as a …, promoting motivation without inducing undue stress.(literary)

induce stress

tạo ra áp lực

parent-child relationship

mối quan hệ giữa cha mẹ và con cái

autonomous problem-solving

xử lí vấn đề một cách độc lập

pursue excellence

theo đuổi sự xuất sắc

incremental

​increasing in regular amounts: tăng dần

• Guy wires attach to the pole at various … heights.

• celebrating … achievements and providing emotional support fosters both self-confidence and resilience, equipping young people to navigate challenges in adulthood.

comprehensive well-being

sự khỏe mạnh một cách toàn diện

possess various skills

acquire broad competencies

maladaptive habits

những thói quen không phù hợp

intense competition

cạnh tranh khốc liệt

The modern world is characterized by …, requiring individuals to possess a diverse range of skills and specialized knowledge to achieve a comfortable life.

advance in somebody’s career

tiến triển trong công việc

confront challenges

đối diện với thử thách

proactive(ly)

​(of a person or policy) controlling a situation by making things happen rather than waiting for things to happen and then reacting to them: chủ động

• Managers must be … in identifying and preventing potential problems.

• a … approach/ role/ stance

• Our nurses … manage patient care.

evolving labour policies

chính sách lao động dần thay đổi

deepen specialized skills

phát triển kĩ năng chuyên sâu

long-term loyalty

trung thành dài hạn

assume

to take or begin to have power or responsibility: đảm nhiệm

• Goodman will … the role of president.

• The court … responsibility for the girl's welfare.

seek senior roles

tìm vai trò cấp cao hơn

career switching

đổi công việc

switch roles

move between positions / transition to new employment

evolving employment landscape

tình cảnh lao động không ngừng thay đổi

tenure

the period of time when somebody holds an important job, especially a political one; the act of holding an important job: nhiệm kì công việc quan trọng

• She had a long … of office.

• his four-year … as president

​the right to stay permanently in your job, especially as a teacher at a university: quyền làm việc dài hạn

• She has been granted … at Leeds University.

​the legal right to live in a house or use a piece of land

• When you rent a house here, you don’t have security of …

seasoned workers

công nhân kì cựu

= veteran staff / long-standing personnel

onboard

to ensure a new employee or customer becomes familiar with an organization or its products or services: đảm bảo nhân viên/ khách hàng làm quen

• We are delighted to have … such a talented pool of individuals.

• The goal is to get new clients … quickly.

to become familiar with how something works, especially a piece of technology or software: quen công nghệ

• The system is fast to …, easy to use and simple to manage.

career path

professional journey / occupational trajectory / employment route

innovation-driven society

knowledge economy / technology-oriented community

strong growth potential

khả năng phát triển cao

rising

… popularity

enjoy wide public recognition

được công nhận rộng rãi

industry leaders

người đứng đầu các ngành công nghiệp

televised competitions

những cuộc thi được lên sóng

refine

to improve something by making small changes to it: dần dần cải thiện cái gì

• She has … her playing technique over the years.

to make a substance pure by taking other substances out of it: lọc

• The process of …oil produces several useful chemicals.

talent-based professions

công việc liên quan đến năng khiếu

coping strategies

cách thức xử lí

human authorship

việc con người làm tác giả

… will not vanish

collateral

​connected with something else, but in addition to it and less important: phụ

• … benefits

lived experience

kinh nghiệm sống

candidate ideas

loạt ý tưởng được đề xuất để lựa chọn một

fuel a bold prediction

gây ra một dự đoán mạnh miệng

prevalence

1. The fact or condition of being widespread or common: độ phổ biến

The … of obesity has increased rapidly over the past decade.

The data indicates a high … of smartphone use among teenagers.

One reason for the … of crime in urban areas is limited employment opportunities.

pervasive marketing

Marketing that is present everywhere, spreading widely and influencing people across many aspects of daily life

… on social media makes it difficult for consumers to distinguish between genuine content and advertisements.

Companies use …strategies to maintain constant visibility among their target audience.

Governments should regulate …aimed at children to prevent unhealthy consumption habits.

poor

… eating habit

instrumental

1. Playing an essential or key role in achieving something; crucial; influential (in something)

Targeted interventions were … in improving literacy rates among low-achieving students.

Teachers play an … role in shaping students’ learning attitudes and long-term motivation.

Effective governance is … in addressing social inequality and poverty.

structured setting

A controlled, organized, and well-regulated environment where rules, routines, and expectations are clearly defined

Children learn better in … with clear routines.

Rehabilitation programs often take place in … to ensure safety and consistency.

Some parents argue that young children benefit from … , while others prefer more flexible and play-based environments.

optimal

… health

dietary component

A specific part or element of a diet, such as nutrients, food groups, or ingredients

(thành phần dinh dưỡng / yếu tố trong chế độ ăn uống)

Protein is an essential … for muscle growth.

Fruits and vegetables are important… for maintaining health.

Processed foods often lack essential …, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies.

lifestyle-related disease

Obesity is a common … disease caused by overeating and physical inactivity.

Data indicates that … have increased due to changes in diet and physical activity levels.

Governments should promote healthy lifestyles to reduce the burden of … on public health systems.

laden

heavily loaded with something: (with something)

• The trees were … with apples.

fast food … with cholesterol

the importance of something cannot be underestimated

khong duoc quen tam quan trong cua viec gi

role model

A person whose behavior, attitudes, or achievements are admired and considered worth imitating

Teachers often serve as … for their students.

She became a …for young athletes because of her discipline and resilience.

health consideration

Factors related to health that must be taken into account when making decisions

… play an important role in choosing a balanced diet.

The city redesigned public spaces with … in mind.

Urban planners must include … when designing pedestrian-friendly cities.

pedestrian-friendly

… city/ urban planning/ design/ infrastructure

A … city enhances community interaction and overall quality of life.

public transport-oriented

• …development

• … planning

• … urban areas

The redevelopment plan shows a shift towards a more … layout, with a new bus terminal and expanded rail links.

A … approach is essential for creating environmentally sustainable urban areas.

meal planning

The process of deciding in advance what meals to prepare and eat, usually to improve nutrition, save time, or reduce costs

…helps families maintain a balanced diet and avoid unhealthy food choices.

The survey indicates that households engaging in regular … consume fewer processed foods.

… is an effective strategy for reducing poor eating habits and improving overall health.

• weekly …

• healthy …

• effective …

• … strategies

• customised …

attentive monitoring

Careful, focused, and continuous observation of something to ensure it stays on track or functions properly

… is required to prevent equipment failure.

A slight increase in the failure rate suggests that more … is necessary.

Students with learning difficulties often require attentive monitoring and personalised instruction.

Attentive monitoring of children’s diets can help reduce lifestyle-related diseases.

The success of waste-management programmes depends on attentive monitoring and public cooperation.

dietary

… choices/ practices

lasting influence

An effect or impact that continues for a long time after the initial event or action (ảnh hưởng lâu dài / tác động bền vững)

Her teacher had a … on her career choice.

Technological innovations often exert a… on society.

Positive role models can have a … on children’s values and behaviour.

positioned

Strategically arranged or designed to serve a specific purpose

The company is … to expand internationally.

Countries that invest in education are better … to compete in the global market.

uniquely …

Seen or regarded in a particular way

(được xem như / được định vị như một…)

The brand is … as a luxury product.

placed

2. Assigned to a particular position, role, or category

3. In a situation or condition

He felt … under pressure to succeed.

Too much responsibility is placed on schools to solve social problems.

Greater emphasis should be placed on promoting healthy lifestyles.

schools are best placed to promote a healthy diet

model

to set an example of behaviour that you want other people to copy

• Managers must …behaviour that is open and vulnerable.

• Teachers may need to … appropriate discussion behaviours.

to create a copy or description of an activity, a situation, etc. so that you can study it before dealing with the real thing

• We can accurately … the development process.

persist into

Learning difficulties that are not addressed early may … adulthood.

Income inequality continues to … the next generation.

realise

1. To make something happen or become real (formal / academic usage, similar to “materialise”)

The government aims to… its vision of a sustainable economy.

Investing in early childhood education helps … the full potential of students.

benefits/ potential/ goals

reach

… goals

head start

an advantage gained at the beginning that makes it easier to succeed later (lợi thế ban đầu / sự khởi đầu thuận lợi / xuất phát điểm tốt hơn)

Children from affluent families often have a … in education.

Starting the project early gave the team a … over their competitors.

Internship programs allow students to gain a … in their careers by acquiring practical experience.

Companies investing in research early gain a … in technological development.

Government initiatives that support disadvantaged regions provide them a … in economic growth.

grit

1. Courage and resolve; strength of character (sự dũng cảm, quyết tâm / nghị lực / ý chí kiên cường)

It takes… to complete a marathon.

2. Persistence and perseverance in pursuing long-term goals

Entrepreneurs need … to sustain their business through challenges.

= tenacity/

propel

To cause someone or something to move into a new situation or condition (figurative / academic use) (thúc đẩy ai/cái gì vào trạng thái mới / dẫn dắt / tạo động lực)

• Technological innovation … economic growth.

• Her passion for science … her into a successful research career.

Access to quality education can … students from disadvantaged backgrounds into better job opportunities.

Community-led initiatives can … social cohesion by encouraging collaboration.

Government incentives can … the adoption of renewable energy solutions.

flourish

to develop quickly and become successful or common

Local businesses … after the new highway opened.

Providing students with creative opportunities allows them to … academically and personally.

Biodiversity … in protected natural habitats.

assiduous

​working very hard and taking great care that everything is done as well as it can be

• one of the most … members of the team

• their … efforts and attention to detail

• She was … in her duties.

assiduousness

champion

to support, defend, or advocate for a cause, idea, or group (ủng hộ mạnh mẽ / bảo vệ / cổ vũ cho)

She has… human rights throughout her career.

The organization … sustainable farming practices.

He has long … equal opportunities in education

Teachers should … inclusive education to ensure all students can thrive.

considered opinion

a judgment or view formed after careful thought and evaluation (ý kiến thận trọng / quan điểm có cân nhắc / ý kiến suy nghĩ kỹ lưỡng)

In my …, investing in renewable energy is essential for sustainable development.

After reviewing all the evidence, the committee provided a … on the proposal.

It is important to form a… rather than relying on first impressions.

offer …

potent

1. Having great power, influence, or effect (mạnh mẽ / có sức mạnh / có ảnh hưởng lớn / tác dụng mạnh)

A … educational program can inspire students to pursue lifelong learning.

The new policy proved to be a … tool for reducing unemployment.

Her speech was a … reminder of the importance of education.

… driver

2. (chemistry / medicine) Strong in effect or concentration

… drug/ pesticides

individual accomplishment

a personal achievement or success attained by a single person (thành tựu cá nhân / thành công của riêng một người)(personal milestone/ individual success)

Winning the national science competition was a significant … for her.

While teamwork is important, … should also be celebrated.

Personal growth is often measured by … in overcoming challenges.

surmount

to deal successfully with a difficulty

• The organizers of the concerts have first to … the hurdle of gaining sponsorship.

• She was well aware of the difficulties that had to be …

fortitude

​courage shown by somebody who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties

• She endured her illness with great …

nascent

nascent = just beginning to exist or develop; in the early stages (mới hình thành / mới bắt đầu / trong giai đoạn sơ khai)

The … technology promises to revolutionize renewable energy.

A… interest in environmental issues is emerging among young people.

The company invested in a …market with high growth potential.

Supporting … industries is crucial for long-term economic growth.

democracy/ aspiration

engender

to make a feeling or situation exist

• The issue … controversy.

• problems … by the restructuring of the company

embody

to express or represent an idea or a quality

to include or contain something

• This model … many new features.

the principles … in the Declaration of Human Right

a politician who … the hopes of black youth

garner

to obtain or collect something such as information, support, etc.(something) = acquire

• All the information that we… has been kept on file.

The politician … widespread support for her new policy.

The study … significant attention from researchers worldwide.

Authors can … feedback from readers through online platforms.

Implementing interactive teaching methods can help schools … better engagement from students.

Companies that focus on sustainable practices can … public trust and loyalty.