Chemistry: Aqueous Solutions and Reactions Flash cards

These flashcards cover key concepts related to aqueous solutions, solubility, reactions, balancing equations, and acid-base interactions for exam preparation.

What are substances that dissolve in water called?

Soluble

What is the term for substances that do not dissolve in water?

Insoluble

How do molecular compounds (except acids) behave when they dissolve in water?

They dissolve as intact molecules.

What do ionic compounds and acids do when they dissolve in water?

They break into ions.

What must be used to determine if ionic compounds will dissolve in water?

Solubility rules.

Which ions are generally soluble in water?

Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3-, and C2H3O2-.

What are the exceptions for soluble compounds containing Cl, Br, and I?

They are insoluble when paired with Ag+, Hg2^2+, or Pb^2+.

What is an acid?

A molecular compound that releases H+ in aqueous solutions.

What is a strong acid?

An acid that ionizes completely in solution.

What is a base?

An ionic compound that releases OH- in aqueous solutions.

What defines a strong electrolyte?

A substance that completely ionizes in water.

What is a nonelectrolyte?

A substance that does not ionize and does not conduct electricity.

What are the rules for balancing equations?

1. Same number of each element on each side, 2. Change coefficients, not subscripts, and 3. Use lowest whole-number ratios.

What is a precipitation reaction?

A reaction where a solid (precipitate) forms upon mixing two solutions.

What happens in an acid-base reaction?

An acid reacts with a base to neutralize each other, producing water and a salt.

What do gas-evolution reactions produce when two solids or solutions mix?

A gas.

How can we predict the products of a displacement reaction?

Swap partners and determine if products are solid, liquid, gas, or aqueous.

What happens to solids, liquids, and gases in complete ionic equations?

Only aqueous substances break apart; solids, liquids, and gases stay together.

What are spectator ions?

Ions that do not change during a reaction, appearing in both reactants and products.