Heritage Conservation, Historic Preservation, and US Preservation Laws & Practices

"Historic Preservation" is the term most widely used in the US- what is the more internationally accepted nomenclature for the field that is used outside the US?

Heritage Conservation

A historic site where actors are dressed in period costumes, talk in historic dialects and engage in historical re-enactments is called a:

Living History Museum

Which of these theorists advocated restoration of buildings as "rebuilding not necessarily to original state but embellishing them to a state of completion as they may have never existed in the past."

Viollet-le-Duc

Which of these buildings challenges the western approach to preservation by undergoing a rebuilding every few years?

Ise Shrine, Ise, Japan

Using which term did the textbook describe the practice of "reassembling" a fallen building, "piece-by-piece, either in-situ or on a new site" either due to war or earthquakes:

Reconstitution

Practicing as a "Preservationist," requires a formal degree and/or certification.

True or False

False

Independence Hall is a historic civic building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States were debated and adopted by the Founding Fathers of the United States. In terms of historic preservation, why is this building famous?

It was the first important building to be successfully saved

Which women's organization, most well known for their 1850s fight to save George Washington's house in Virginia, is widely known the first nationwide preservation group in the US?

Mount Vernon Ladies Association

What is the first national park in the US, created in 1872?

Yellowstone

The Antiquities Act, passed in 1906, and known as the nation's first historic preservation legislation, did not do which one of the following?

Created a Museum of Antiquities for the US

What is the name of the program of documentation and drawings of historic buildings in the US that was created in the Great Depression in the 1930s. Under this system, numerous buildings were photographed, drawn and archived in a database that is now digitally accessible at the Library of Congress.

Historic American Building Survey (HABS)

The important historic preservation legislation in the US, passed in 1966 and known by the acronymn NHPA, stands for:

National Historic Preservation Act

What is the name of the largest repository of designated historic buildings in the US at the federal level and has over 93,000 listings ?

National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)

The Pennsylvania Train Station in New York City, demolished in 1966, is known within preservation history for what?

Being a martyr- its demolition prompted new preservation laws

What year was the important historic preservation legislation in the US, called the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), passed?

1966

Only the owner of a historic building can nominate their property to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). True or False?

True or False

False

Which one of the following does a NRHP designation NOT do?

Prevent demolition of structure if federal funds are not involved

Which important federal preservation review process does the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) administer?

Section 106

What is the acronym for the highest preservation office (or Officer) at the State Level?

SHPO

For the purposes of historic preservation, tribal areas within the US fall under the jurisdiction of the state they are in and under the jurisdiction of the State Historic Preservation officer.

True or False

False

What does the acronym MOA refer to as used in the Section 106 process to broker a negotiation between two parties?

Memorandum of Agreement

A property listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) automatically gets listed as a local/city level historic landmark and becomes eligible for local protections against demolition/alteration, because its significance has been established at the national level.

True or False

False

Zoning legislations passed in the US in the 1920s later formed the basis of historic preservation laws and court decisions in the US.

True or False

True

Historic preservation regulations DO NOT apply to religious buildings like churches, as they are exempt.

True or False

False

Private property owners are always opposed to listing their historic properties on the national, state or local level.

True or False

False

If a privately owned building is only designated on the National Register of Historic Places, can the owner demolish the building if he wants to?

Yes

What is the term used to denote the importance of a historic property?

Significance

Which of these is NOT one of the criteria used to evaluate the significance of a historic property in the National Register of Historic Places?

The property is associated with associated with the lives of significant persons in our past

The property is associated with religious institutions, or community organization that have a social role

The property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history

The property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction

The property is associated with religious institutions, or community organization that have a social role

Which term best describes the ability of a historic property to convey its significance or in other words best represent the period or theme for which it is being recognized?

Integrity

In the US, how old do buildings typically have to be to be considered for designation in the National Register of Historic Places?

50 Years

Buildings of the "recent-past" cannot be put on the National Register despite overriding/exceptional circumstances.

False

The cultural situation or theme in which a property was created and subsequently evolved is called the:

Historic Context

Reconstructed buildings are generally not considered eligible for designation on the National Register. True/False?

True

The largest repository of designated historic properties in the US, with almost 100,000 listings is called the

National Register of Historic Places

A historic property once designated can lose its designation. True/False

True

The World Heritage Sites program is managed by which international entity?

UNESCO

The first local historic district in the US was established in 1931 in which city?

Charleston

Properties listed in historic districts in which tier of the government have the most protection against alterations?

Local

The local/ city level governing body that administers historic districts and landmarks is typically called a:

Historic Commission

The local/city level law that allows creation of historic districts is called an

Ordinance

A section of a city or town containing buildings, properties, or sites that have been designated as historically or architecturally significant is known in the US as a:

Historic District

Historic districts can ONLY be designated at the local level (NOT at the national or state level). True or False?

False

For buildings that are listed as contributing in a Local Historic District, owners typically need to take permission for both interior and exterior modifications to their properties. True or False?

False

When a property owner of a building in a historic district wants to make an exterior change to their building they submit appropriate information to the Local Historic Commission for review. After the review, what document are they hoping to receive so they can start work?

Certificate of Appropriateness

Choose the most appropriate term for the preservation treatment described below:

The act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity, and materials of an historic property. Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic materials and features rather than extensive replacement and new construction.

Restoration

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Preservation

Preservation

Choose the most appropriate term for the preservation treatment described below:

The act or process of accurately depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing features from the historically significant period.

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Restoration

Preservation

Restoration

Choose the most appropriate term for the preservation treatment described below:

The act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values.

Rehabilitation

Preservation

Restoration

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Choose the most appropriate term for the preservation treatment described below:

The act or process of depicting, by means of new construction, the form, features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object for the purpose of replicating its appearance at a specific period of time and in its historic location.

Preservation

Rehabilitation

Restoration

Reconstruction

Reconstruction

A professional who engages in laboratory analysis of historic materials, for e.g. paint and mortar analysis in a laboratory, is typically called a:

Conservator

Historic maps created for fire ensurance purposes can be used to research historic properties.

True or False

True

What does the term GPS stand for?

Global Positioning System

What does the term GIS stand for?

Geographic Information System

Digital visualization technology where existing parts of a building are superimposed or used in conjunction with virtual elements is called:

Augmented Reality

Historic preservation and city/town planning goals can sometimes be at odds with each other. True/False?

True

The tool that cities use to plan their future development is called a?

Comprehensive Plan/ Master Plan

A tool that cities can use to plan their historic preservation initiatives is called

Historic Preservation Plan

When you request a relief from the building code it is called a

Variance

The program that deals with revitalization of Americas's historic downtowns is called

Main Street America

A document that guides owners/ architects to build historically appropriately structures or make historically appropriate additions/renovations to designated historic buildings or districts is called

Design Guidelines

The federal guildelines that include general guidance on treatment of historic properties is issed by the

Sectretary of Interior

The process where a city's historic district commission reviews applications by owners to make changes to their designated historic properties is called

Design Review

The federal guildelines that include general guidance on treatment of historic properties is issed by the

Sectretary of Interior

Does the US have a system of tax credits / subsidies for private developers that work on designated historic buildings?

True or False

True

Federal historic tax credits only apply to buildings that are formally listed such as in the National Register of Historic Places

True or False

True

For a project to qualify for historic tax credits which guideline does it have to meet?

Sectretary of Interior Standards for historic properties

The process of transferring your development rights from a historic property to another site is called

Transfer of Development Rights

Select the best definition of heritage interpretation:

Information communicated at historic sites that forges emotional and intellectual connections between the meanings inherent in the resource and the audience.

Factual representation of the significance and integrity of a historic resource.

Opinion based documentation of a historic site for tourist consumption.

Language based translation of historic significance of a local resource for a foreign audience.

Information communicated at historic sites that forges emotional and intellectual connections between the meanings inherent in the resource and the audience.

A historc site where actors dress in period costumes and recreate parts of historic lifestyles is called a:

Living History Museum

Tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy is called

Thanatourism

Interpretation at historic sites should focus on celebrating the positive aspects of a site's history, rather than dwelling on its negative aspects. True/False?

False

Traditional customs, dance forms, language and culinary traditions are an example of what type of heritage?

Intangible heritage

The term "embodied energy" is best defined by which phrase:

The energy generated by human bodies in a building

The energy needed to operate a building every day

The massive investment of energy and materials in existing buildings

The energy generated by green or renewable resources

The massive investment of energy and materials in existing buildings

A building design or analysis methodology that focuses on cradle-to-grave (i.e. initial gathering of raw materials from the earth until the point at which all residuals are returned to the earth) is called:

Life Cycle Analysis

A popular building rating system where projects earn points by satisfying green building criteria is called:

LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design)

A building that produces on-site, or procures, enough carbon-free renewable energy to meet building operations energy consumption annually is called a:

Zero Net Carbon building

Historic buildings were solidly built and designed to resist major climatic events like hurricanes, floods etc. and therefore do not face major challenges in the face of climate change. True or False?

False