Cam 20 Test 2 Reading Passage 3

Invasion of the Robot Umpires

Umpire

(v/n): trọng tài

→ _ing(n)
>>: referee

eg: The _ made a controversial call.

Automated Ball-Strike System (ABS)

(n): hệ thống tự động xác định bóng và strike

eg: The _ is being tested in minor leagues.

Judgment call

(n): quyết định dựa trên đánh giá cá nhân

→ _(v) → _al(adj)
>>: subjective decision

><: objective rule

eg: Calling that pitch was a _ by the umpire.

Controversy

(n): tranh cãi

→ _al(adj) → _ally(adv)
>>: dispute, debate, argument

><: consensus

eg: The rule change sparked _ among fans.

Heckle

(v): la ó, chọc phá

→ _r(n) → _ling(n)
>>: taunt, jeer, boo, tease

><: applaud, cheer

eg: Fans _ed the umpire after the call.

Tweak

(v/n): điều chỉnh
>>: adjust

><: maintain, preserve

eg: They had to _ the dimensions of the strike zone.

Pedantic

(adj): cứng nhắc, chú trọng tiểu tiết

→ pedantry(n) → _ally(adv)
>>: abstruse, pompous

eg: His _ explanations bored the players.

Discretion

(n): quyền quyết định riêng

→ _ary(adj) → _arily(adv)
>>: attention

><: obligation

eg: Umpires often use _ in close calls.

Delineated

(adj): được phân định rõ

→ _(v) → _tion(n)
>>: define, depict, lay out

><: vague, undefined

eg: The strike zone is _ by horizontal and vertical limits.

Algorithm

(n): thuật toán

→ _ic(adj) → _ically(adv)
>>: code

><: deviation

eg: _s now assist in strike zone accuracy.

Maximize

(v): tối đa hóa

→ maximization(n) → maximum(adv) →  maximally(adv)
>>: exaggerate, expand, widen

><: diminish, minimize

eg: The system aims to maximize fairness.

Consensus

(n): sự đồng thuận

→ consent(v) → consensual(adj) → consensually(adv)
>>: accord, consent, harmony

><: denial, refusal

eg: There was no consensus on the new rules.

take a dissenting stance toward

(v): có lập trường phản đối
>>: disagree with, object to

><: agree with

eg: Some coaches take a dissenting stance toward the new system.

decision-making

(n): ra quyết định
>>: judgment, choice

><: indecision

eg: Decision-making is now partly automated.

Amend

(vn): sửa đổi

→ amendment(n) → amendable(adj)
>>: alter, enhance

eg: The league may amend the rules next season.

Style of play

(v): phong cách chơi
>>: playing style, strategy

eg: The new system changes the style of play.

Differing proposals

(n): các đề xuất khác nhau

>>: conflicting proposals, competing proposals, various suggestions

eg: The committee received differing proposals for the new park design.

Makes changes to

(adj): thực hiện thay đổi đối với

eg: The committee makes changes to the strike zone regularly.

complete ban on

(v): lệnh cấm hoàn toàn đối với
>>: total prohibition, outright ban

><: permission, approval

eg: There’s a complete ban on video replays during the game.

shove

(v/n): xô, đẩy

→ shoving(adj)

eg: The player shoved the catcher accidentally.

Numerous disputes

(noun). nhiều tranh cãi
>>: many arguments, multiple conflicts

eg: The rule led to numerous disputes between teams.

Team tactics

(n): chiến thuật của đội
>>: team strategies

><: individual play

eg: New rules affect team tactics significantly.

Subjective assessment

(n): đánh giá chủ quan
>>: opinion-based evaluation

><: objective assessment

eg: Umpire calls often involve subjective assessment.

Widespread approval

(n): sự chấp thuận rộng rãi
>>: broad acceptance

><: widespread disapproval

eg: The change received widespread approval from fans.

Former

(adj): cựu, trước đây

eg: A former umpire supports the technology.

Keep up with

(v): theo kịp với
>>: adapt to, match pace with

><: ignore, neglect

eg: The sport must keep up with technology.

Retain a young audience

(v): giữ chân khán giả trẻ

→ retain(v) → retention(n) → retained(adj)
>>: keep a young audience, maintain youth viewership

><: lose a young audience, alienate youth

eg: New rules aim to retain a young audience.