310102h Cells and batteries 2025 (TF) (2)

Cell

A device that changes chemical energy into electrical energy.

Battery

A number of cells connected in series to produce various voltages.

Voltaic Pile

The first battery created by Alessandro Volta, made of alternating layers of zinc and silver.

Primary Cell

A non-rechargeable cell used for light-duty applications, designed for single use.

Leclanche Cell

A type of primary cell invented by Georges Leclanché, utilizing manganese dioxide as the positive terminal.

Gelled Electrolyte

A type of lead-acid battery that is sealed, maintenance-free, and can operate in any position.

Nickel-Cadmium Battery (NiCd)

A rechargeable battery type constructed from nickel hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide.

Internal Resistance

The resistance within a battery or cell that causes a voltage drop under load current.

Amp-Hour Rating

A measure of a battery's capacity, indicating how much current it can deliver over a specified period.

Electrolyte

The chemical medium that allows the flow of electrical charge in a battery or cell.

Open Circuit Voltage

The voltmeter reading across battery terminals with no load connected.

Terminal Voltage

The voltmeter reading across battery terminals when a load is connected.

Sulfation

A condition in lead-acid batteries when the specific gravity falls, leading to hardened battery plates.

Paralleled Batteries

Batteries connected such that the output current doubles while voltage remains the same.

Charging Hazard

Precautions to be observed when charging batteries to prevent accidents and ensure safety.