TOXICOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

THIS IS A COMMON CNS DEPRESSANT

ALCOHOL

THIS CAN CAUSE DISORIENTATION, EUPHORIA, CONFUSION AND MAY PROGRESS TO UNCOSCIOUS, PARALYSIS AND EVEN DEATH

ALCOHOL

SYMPTOMS OF ALCOHOL INTOXICATION BEGIN WHEN THE CONCENTRATION IS?

>0.05% W/V (>50 MG/DL BLOOD ALCOHOL)

ALSO TERMED AS GRAIN ALCOHOL

ETHANOL

AMONG OUT OF ALL THE ALCOHOL, THIS IS THE MOST COMMON ABUSED DRUG

ETHANOL

WHAT ARE THE METHODS FOR TESTING IN ETHANOL (GRAIN ALCOHOL)

ENZYMATIC (AD), GLC, OSMOMETRY

WHAT IS INCREASED WHEN ETHANOL INTOXICATION?

GTT, AST, AST/ALT RATIO, HDL, MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME

DETECTION LIMIT OF ETHANOL ALCOHOL

12 HOURS

FATAL DOSE OF ETHANOL ALCOHOL

300-400ML OF PURE ALCOHOL CONSUMED IN LESS THAN ONE HOUR

TOXIC BLOOD LEVELS OF ETHANOL ALCOHOL

250-400MG/DL

THIS IS ALSO TERMED AS WOOD ALCOHOL

METHANOL

THIS IS A COMMONLY USED SOLVENT AND A CONTAMINANT OF HOMEMADE LIQUORS

METHANOL

METHANOL IS FIRST CONVERTED TO ___, THEN FINALLY TO ____ IN THE LIVER

FORMALDEHYDE; FORMIC ACID

FATAL DOSE OF WOOD ALCOHOL

60-250 ML

ISOPROPANOL IS ALSO TERMED AS?

RUBBING ALCOHOL

THIS IS METABOLIZED TO HEPATIC ADH TO ACETONE

ISOPROPANOL

FATAL DOSE OF ISOPROPANOL

250ML

ETHYLENE GLYCOL IS ALSO TERMED AS?

1,2 ETHANEDIOL

THIS IS A COMMON CONSTITUENT OF HYDRAULIC FLUID AND ANTI-FREEZE

ETHYLENE GLYCOL

THIS IS CONVERTED TO OXALIC ACID AND GLYCOLIC ACID

ETHYLENE GLYCOL

PRODUCTION OF FINAL PRODUCTS LEADS TO DEPOSITION OF CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS IN RENAL TUBULES

ETHYLENE GLYCOL

FATAL DOSE OF 1,2 ETHANEDIOL

100 GRAMS

THIS IS PRODUCED BY INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION OF CARBON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCES LIKE GASOLINE, ENGINES, ORGANIC MATERIALS IN FIRE AND CIGARETTE SMOKE

CARBON MONOXIDE

COLORLESS, ODORLESS, TASTELESS GAS AND IS CONSIDERED TO BE A VERY TOXIC SUBSTANCE

CARBON MONOXIDE

TOXIC EFFECTS ARE MANIFESTED BY BINDING WITH HEME PROTEIN-(CYTOCHROME, MYOGLOBIN, HEMOGLOBIN)

CARBON MONOXIDE

THIS HAS A HIGHER AFFINITY FOR HEMOGLOBIN THAN DOES OXYGEN-IMPAIRS OXYGEN TRANSPORT BY BINDING TO HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCING CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN

CARBON MONOXIDE

THIS INHIBITS CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT

CARBON MONOXIDE

NET EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE

TISSUE HYPOXIA

INDICATOR OF TOXICITY IN CARBON MONOXIDE IS?

CHERRY RED COLOR OF THE FACE

THE SAMPLE FOR TESTING IN THIS SUBSTANCE IS EDTA WHOLE BLOOD

CARBON MONOXIDE

METHOD FOR TESTING IN CARBON MONOXIDE

CO-OXIMETRY

TOXIC LEVEL OF CARBON MONOXIDE

20%CO

COMPONENT OF ANT POISONS, RODENTICIDES, PAINT AND METAL ALLOYS

ARSENIC

THIS IS A COMMON HOMICIDE OR SUICIDE AGENT

ARSENIC

THIS IS A COMMON AGENT OF HEAVY METAL POISONING

ARSENIC

EXPOSURE TO THIS CEHMICAL OCCURS IN SMELTING INDUSTRIES AND AGRICULTURE

ARSENIC

ARSENIC EXPRESSES ITS TOXICITY BY HIGH AFFINITY BINDING TO THE?

THIOL GROUPS IN PROTEINS

THIS IS AN ALKALOID SALT THAT CAN BE TAKEN DIRECTLY (INSUFFLATION OF IV) OR BY INHALATION

COCAINE (CRACK)

COCAINE (CRACK) IS DERIVED FROM?

COCA PLANT/ERYTHROXYLON

THIS IS USED AS AN ADDITIVE TO SOME FOODS

COCAINE (CRACK)

A POTENT CNS STIMULANT THE ELICITS A SENSE OF EXCITEMENT AND EUPHORIA; INCREASES PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

COCAINE (CRACK)

THIS EASILY PASS THE PLACENTA AND MAMMARY GLANDS

COCAINE (CRACK)

THIS IS CLASSICALLY HAS NOT BEEN CONSIDERED AS AN ADDICTIVE DRUG

COCAINE (CRACK)

THIS IS USED TO INHIBIT THE ACTION OF THIS ELICIT DRUG, COCAINE

PROZAC

COCAINE CAN BE DETECTED IN THE URINE FOR UP TO?

3 DAYS

WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL IS A CHRONIC USER OF COCAINE, IT CAN BE DETECTED IN THE URINE FOR UP TO?

20 DAYS

TOXIC EFFECTS OF COCAINE INCLUDES?

HYPERTENSION, ARRYTHMIA, SEIZURES, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

BENZOYLECGONINE:

A. OPIATES

B. CANNABINOIDS

C. AMPHETAMINES

D. COCAINE

E. ANNABOLIC STEROIDS

D

THIS IS A SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC INDICATOR IN COCAINE

BENZOYLECGONINE

THESE ARE CAPABLE OF ANALGESIA, SEDATION, AND ANASTHESIA

OPIATES

OPIATES ARE DERIVED CHEMICALLY FROM?

OPIUM POPPY

THESE ARE NATURALLY OCCURING SUBSTANCES OF OPIATES, EXCEPT:

A. MORPHINE

B. HEROIN

C. OPIUM

D. CODEINE

B

THESE ARE CHEMICALLY MODIFIED FORM OF OPIATES, EXCEPT:

A. OXYCODONE

B. HEROIN

C. HYDROMORPHONE

D. PERCODAN

E. NOTA

E

A TYPE OF OPIATES THAT IS HIGHLY ADDICTIVE

HEROIN

THIS TYPE OF OPIATES IS CONSIDERED TO BE A POWERFUL ANALGESIC

MORPHINE

THIS TYPE OF OPIATES IS CONSIDERED TO BE AN ANTITUSSIVE

CODEINE

THIS BINDS TO MU-RECEPTORS IN THE LIMBIC SYSTEM (CNS) PRODUCING ANALGESIC EFFECT

MORPHINE

THIS OPIATES INCREASES LIVER AND PANCREATIC ENZYME

MORPHINE AND MEPERIDINE

A NONBICYCLIC DRUG THAT BINDS WITH MORPHINE IN THE BRAIN

METHADONE

THIS IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF DRUG-RELATED HEALTH

DARVON OVERDOSE COMBINED WITH ALCOHOL

IN OPIATES, WHAT ARE THE SUBSTANCES THAT ARE MOST COMMONLY TESTED

MORPHINE AND CODEINE

MAJOR METABOLITES OF OPIATES ARE?

N-ACETYLMORPHINE (HEROIN) AND MORPHINE

WHO/WHAT IS THE ANTAGONIST FOR OPIATE OVERDOSE

NALAXONE (NARCAN)

TOXIC EFFECTS OF OPIATES ARE?

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS, MYOGLOBINURIA, CARDIOPULMONARY FAILURE

THIS INVOLVES THE ANALYSIS, ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF CIRCULATING CONCENTRATIONS OF DRUGS IN SERUM, PLASMA, OR WHOLE BLOOD

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

THIS IS A QUANTITATIVE PROCEDURE PERFORMED FOR DRUGS WITH A NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

TRUE OR FALSE. THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IS DONE TO ENSURE THAT A GIVEN DRUG PRODUCES MINIMAL THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT AND MAXIMAL SIDE EFFECTS. FURTHERMORE, IT IS ALSO DONE TO ACHIEVE A CONSTANT SERUM LEVEL OF THE DRUG THAT WILL BE THERAPEUTIC

A. BOTH ARE CORRECT

B. BOTH ARE INCORRECT

C. 1ST STATEMENT IS TRUE; 2ND STATEMENT IS FALSE

D. 1ST STATEMENT IS FALSE; 2ND STATEMENT IS TRUE

D

THIS ALLOWS FOR THE SAFE USE OF DRUGS THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE POTENTIALLY TOXIC

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

THIS DETERMINES THE TIME TO REACH THE STEADY-STATE OR AVERAGE CONCENTRATION

HALF-LIFE OF THE DRUG

ONLY __ CAN INTERACT WITH THE SITE OF ACTION AND RESULT IN A BIOLOGIC RESPONSE

FREE FRACTION OF THE DRUGS

THIS IS THE BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE GREATEST PORTION OF DRUG METABOLISM

MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE (MFO) SYSTEM

THIS IS A CONVENIENT ROUTE THAT CAN EFFECTIVELY DELIVER MOST DRUGS TO ITS SITE OF ACTION

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

THIS IS THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION THAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH 100% BIOAVAILABILITY—ALL THE DRUGS ENTER THE BLOODSTREAM

INTRAVENOUS ROUTE

BIOAVAILABILITY FRACTION OF INTRAVENOUS ROUTE ADMINISTRATION

1.0

ORALLY ADMINISTERED DRUG SHOULD ACHIEVE __ BIOAVAILABILITY FRACTION

0.7

TRUE OR FALSE. WHEN DRUGS ARE INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED, THE DISTRIBUTION AND ELIMINATION RATES ARE CONSTANT

TRUE

THIS IS UTILIZED IN ELECTROPLATING AND GALVANIZING

CADMIUM

THIS IS A SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT PIGMENT IN PAINTS AND PLASTICS

CADMIUM

POISONING OF THIS SUBSTANCE CAN RESULT TO DESTRUCTION OF TYPE 1 EPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE LUNG AND DECREASED RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

CADMIUM

THIS IS A COMPONENT OF HOUSEHOLD PAINTS AND A POTENT ENZYME INHIBITOR

LEAD

THIS COMBINED WITH THE MATRIX OF BONE AND CAN PERSIST IN THIS AREA FOR A LONG TIME

LEAD

EXPOSURE TO THIS MAY RESULT TO ENCEPHALOPATHY, BIRTH DEFECTS, AND COMPROMISED IMMUNITY

LEAD

LOW LEVEL EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES—HYPERACTIVITY AND ATTENTIONAL DEFICIT DISORDER, AND ALSO AFFECT INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT SCORES

LEAD

TOXICITY DOSE OF LEAD

>0.5MG/DAY

FATAL DOSE OF LEAD

0.5G

CDC CUTOFF FOR NORMAL LEAD IN CHILDREN

<10UG/DL

TOXIC BLOOD LEVELS OF LEAD

>70UG/DL

SAMPLES THAT CAN BE USED IN DETECTING LEAD

WHOLE, BLOOD, URINE, HAIR

TESTING FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF THIS METAL SHOULD INCLUDE ANALYSIS OF MORNING URINE FOR DELTA ALA

LEAD

IN LEAD, THIS SAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE USED BECAUSE LEAD IS RAPIDLY ELIMINATED

SERUM/PLASMA

THIS TEST IS USEFUL TO ASSESS BLOOD CONCENTRATION OF LEAD

ZINC PROTOPORPHYRIN OR FREE RBC PROTOPORPHYRIN

THIS BINDS WITH PROTEINS AND ALSO AN ENZYME INHIBITOR

MERCURY

THIS HAS THE ABILITY TO AMALGAMATE

MERCURY

SMALL DROPS OF THIS SUBSTANCES ON BENCHTOPS AND FLOORS CAN POISON THE ENVIRONMENT IN A POORLY VENTILATED ROOM

MERCURY

THE PRESENT OF THIS SUBSTANCE IN BLOOD MAY RESULT TO LOSS OF GLOMERULAR INTEGRITY

MERCURY

WHAT IS THE SAMPLE FOR TESTING IN ORGANIC MERCURY

WHOLE BLOOD

WHAT IS THE SAMPLE FOR TESTING IN INORGANIC MERCURY

URINE

METHOD FOR TESTING IN MERCURY

REINSCH TEST

THERAPEUTICALLY USED FOR TREATING NARCOLEPSY AND ATTENTIONAL DEFICIT DISORDER

AMPHETAMINES

THIS INCREASES MENTAL ALERTNESS AND PHYSICAL CAPACITY, AND HAS ANORECTIC PROPERTY

AMPHETAMINES