Anterolateral Thoracic Wall & Associated Clinical Conditions

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Vocabulary flashcards covering fractures, thoracic injuries, abdominal wall defects, and inguinal hernias discussed in the lecture.

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17 Terms

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First Rib Fracture

A rare break, usually in the subclavian groove, indicating high-energy trauma or avulsion from scalene contraction; often accompanies cervical spine and neurovascular injuries.

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Subclavian Groove

Structurally weak depression on the superior surface of the first rib where fractures most commonly occur.

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Flail Chest

Condition in which at least three consecutive ribs each sustain multiple fractures, producing a free segment that moves independently of the thoracic cage.

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Paradoxical Breathing

Abnormal respiratory motion where the flail rib segment moves inward during inspiration and outward during expiration.

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Atelectasis

Collapse of lung tissue; stagnant regions following rib fractures or flail chest are prone to this complication.

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Diastasis Recti

Separation of the rectus abdominis muscles caused by stretching of the linea alba, leading to a midline abdominal bulge—common postpartum or with obesity.

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Linea Alba

Midline fibrous seam of the abdominal wall that can stretch during pregnancy, predisposing to diastasis recti or umbilical hernia.

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Relaxin (Hormone)

Pregnancy hormone that increases connective-tissue laxity, contributing to linea alba stretching and diastasis recti.

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Umbilical Herniation

Protrusion of abdominal contents through a torn or overly stretched linea alba at the umbilicus; a potential progression of diastasis recti.

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Patent Processus Vaginalis

Failure of the embryonic peritoneal outpouching to close after testicular descent, creating a pathway for pediatric indirect inguinal hernia.

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Pediatric Inguinal Hernia

Protrusion of intestinal tissue into the inguinal canal or scrotum in children, typically due to a patent processus vaginalis; more common on the right.

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Reducible Hernia

Hernia in which protruded tissue can move back and forth, often enlarging during expiration and receding with inspiration.

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Incarcerated Hernia

Hernia whose contents are fixed and cannot be reduced; a precursor to strangulation.

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Strangulated Hernia

Incarcerated hernia in which blood supply is compromised, creating a surgical emergency.

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Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Most common type; abdominal contents enter the deep inguinal ring lateral to Hesselbach’s triangle and traverse the entire canal.

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Direct Inguinal Hernia

Abdominal contents push directly through a weakened abdominal wall within Hesselbach’s triangle, exiting via the superficial ring only.

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Hesselbach’s Triangle

Area of potential weakness bordered by the inferior epigastric vessels, lateral edge of rectus abdominis, and inguinal ligament; gateway for direct hernias.