GCSE Geography Edexcel B Paper 1 Case Studies

What is an example of a hurricane in an MEDC?

Hurricane Katrina, 2005

What category was Hurricane Katrina?

Category 3 at landfall

How large was the storm surge of Hurricane Katrina?

8.5m

Name 2 things that failed as primary impacts of Hurricane Katrina.

Storm surge defences

Evacuation systems

How many people died as a result of Hurricane Katrina?

1836

How costly was the damage of Katrina?

$1.8 billion

Name 2 improvements that were made after Katrina.

Surge barriers upgraded

Pump stations flood-proofed

How costly were the improvements after Katrina?

$14 billion

Name an example of a Hurricane in an LEDC

Cyclone Nargis, 2008

Which category was Cyclone Nargis in at landfall?

Category 5

How large was the storm surge of Nargis?

7.6m

Which 3 primary effects made Nargis more deadly?

Warnings ignored

No evacuation procedures

No storm surge defences

How many people died in Nargis?

138866

How many were made homeless after Nargis?

1 million

What secondary impact made the cyclone more deadly?

The government refused aid for a week

What improvements were made after Nargis?

Evacuation committees

20 shelters built for 500 people

Mobiles given to villages to relay warnings

Regrow mangroves

Name an example of an earthquake in an MEDC

Tohoku - Sendai, Japan (2011)

Magnitude and plate boundary of Tohoku earthquake?

9, convergent

Name 4 primary impacts of the Tohoku earthquake

1500 died

Dam collapsed

Airport closed due to tsunami

Motorway and railway damaged

Name 3 secondary impacts of the Tohoku earthquake

15 000 died due to tsunami

350 000 homeless due to tsunami

2 nuclear reactors went into meltdown

Cost of Tohoku earthquake

$300 billion

Aftershocks of Tohoku earthquake

6/7

Short term response of Tohoku earthquake

International aid from Red Cross, India, China etc

150 000 evacuated

Rescue workers sent, temporary houses made

Long term response of Tohoku earthquake

Population educated on earthquakes

Annual Disaster prevention day

Schools carry out drills

Give an example of an earthquake in an LEDC

Port-au-Prince, Haiti (2010)

Magnitude and Plate boundary of Haiti earthquake?

7, conservative

Primary impacts of Haiti earthquake

300 000 died

1 million homeless

Hospitals/schools damaged

Ports/roads damaged beyond repair

Secondary impacts of Haiti earthquake

8000 died due to cholera

20% jobs lost

Hospitals/morgues full of dead bodies

Looting

Haiti's slum conditions?

High population density in Port-au-Prince

Lacked education

Only one airport which was damaged

After shocks of Haiti earthquake

5.5/6

Short term response to Haiti earthquake

14 medical teams helped via mobile health clinics

Red Cross, Dominican Republic sent aid, hospitals.

Aid ships turned away as port was ruined

Name 3 characteristics of Malawi

Landlocked

85% rural population

Lots of debt

Describe Malawi's economy and exports

Primary products

Colonisation and cash crops

Exploited by TNCs

Describe India's key characteristics

An emerging country

2nd largest population

1/4 in slums

Largest democracy

Describe India's environment

Rich biodiversity

3rd greatest ghg emitter

What factors have influenced India's social growth?

Urban expansion

Lower birth and fertility rates

Lower dependency ratio

Lower death rates

What are the factors affecting India's economic growth?

Trade liberalisation

Transport improvements

FDI

Multiplier effect

What factors are impacting India's environment?

More air pollution

More water pollution

More deforestation

Less biodiversity

Give 1 example of a top down project in India

BT

Give 1 example of a bottom up project in India

Biogas

What are the characteristics of Mumbai?

Large port

Limited space for growth

Differs from the Holt model

40% of India's exports

1/6 of GDP

What has caused Mumbai's huge growth?

Hyperurbanisation

Describe the population change between 1971 and 2001

8 million to 21 million

75% slums to 57%

Name 2 examples of a top down project in Mumbai

VISION MUMBAI

Gorai Garbage Site

Advantages of VISION MUMBAI?

Restored green spaces

300 toilet blocks

Wider roads

Improved train safety

Water and sewerage systems

Disadvantages of VISION MUMBAI?

Only benefitted rich

Rent cost more

Split slum communities

Advantages of Gorai Garbage Site?

Cleaned landfill/pollution

Improved quality of life

Green space made

Disadvantages of Gorai Garbage Site?

Expensive

Complex maintainance

Name 2 examples of a bottom up project in Mumbai

LSS

SPARC Toilets

Advantages of LSS?

Reduced leprocy cases

Gives education

Helps women and parents

Helps development

Employs locals

Disadvantages of LSS?

Not city wide

Does not contribute to city's economy

Advantages of SPARC Toilets?

Respond directly to community needs

Cheap

Safe for girls at night

Disadvantages of SPARC Toilets?

Cannot meet high demand of slums

Problems with gathering funds from local government