Chapter 11

The process of

is described as semiconservative.

DNA replication

Genetic elements known as promoters are initiation points in the process of

transcription.

The process indicated by the arrow in the Figure represents

lagging strand synthesis.

Nucleotide analogs cause frameshift mutations.

False

Most bacteria have a natural ability to take up DNA from their environment.

False

Semiconservative DNA replication means that

each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand.

The bacterial chromosome is

both circular and found in a nucleoid

A polypeptide in a wild type microbe contains the sequence Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Pro. A phenotypic variant of the species has the peptide sequence Leu-Pro-Cys-Ser-Pro. This is an example of a(n) -

_ mutation.

• missense

Which of the following is both a codon for an amino acid and a start signal?

AUG

The horizontal transfer process known as transduction

Involves a virus

In generalized transduction, viruses carry random DNA sequences from one cell to another.

True

RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for

• transcription.

The process of

requires the activity of DNA ligase.

• DNA replication

Prokaryotic cells are diploid.

False

The Ames test demonstrates that a chemical is

• mutagenic in Salmonella.

Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids?

• They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.

Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic genomes but not eukaryotic genomes?

• circular chromosomes

In contrast to leading strand synthesis, the lagging strand is synthesized 3' to 5', which is why it is slower.

False

Two bacterial strains have the same genes for metabolizing a carbohydrate, but one is wild-type for a regulatory inducer while the genetic variant does not produce the inducer. Which of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to the metabolic pathway enzymes?

• The bacteria have different genotypes and different phenotypes.

If the codon AAA is changed to AAG, it still codes for the amino acid lysine; this is an example of a

• silent mutation.

chemical is reported to inhibit bacterial replication. Bacterial cells are placed in medium with all nutrients necessary for replication. The chemical is added to the culture, and after a half hour an extract of the DNA is prepared. A significant percentage of the DNA is in pieces about 1000 to 2000 bases in length.

True or False: These results are consistent with the chemical blocking the function of DNA ligase.

True

Which of the following is NOT involved in the regulation of the lac operon?

• an iRNA

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by DNA and RNA polymerases?

• direction of polymerization

Nucleotide analogs cause frameshift mutations.

FALSE

Codons are recognized during

translation.

Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers?

ultraviolet light

The structure of DNA explains both its ability to encode genetic information and the way in which it is copied during cell reproduction.

True

Bacterial chromosomes typically have several origins of replication.

False

Genetic elements known as promoters are initiation points in the process of

transcription.

Amino acids are delivered in their appropriate order by

tRNAS

Which of the following is involved in translation?

• mRNA, RNA, and tRNA are all involved.

Which of the following are considered to be frameshift mutations?

• both deletions and insertions

Typical eukaryotic genomes are composed of blank chromosomes.

• multiple linear

The process of

starts at sequences called origins.

DNA replication

Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids?

• They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.

The effects of a transposition event are equivalent to a(n)

• frameshift mutation.

Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids?

• They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.

Which of the following mechanisms normally repairs pyrimidine dimers?

light repair

The horizontal transfer process known as transduction

• involves a virus.

The process of. requires participation of tRNA molecules.

• translation

During elongation, a charged tRNA first enters the ribosomal site and then moves into the site

A;P