Intro to Acid-Base Chemistry

Memorize all of the following spectator ions and identify if they are weak/strong and acid/base.

Mono protic

H+, OH-, HA, A-, B, BH+

Diprotic

H2A, HA-, A=

Triprotic

H3A, H2A-, HA=, A^-3

Special case

Lewis

Spectators

Ions that do not participate in a chemical reaction and remain unchanged.

Hydrochloric acid

HCl (strong acid)

Hydrobromic acid

HBr (strong acid)

Hydroiodic acid

HI (strong acid)

Perchloric acid

HClO4 (strong acid)

Chloric acid

HClO3 (strong acid)

Nitric acid

HNO3 (strong acid)

Sulfuric acid

H2SO4 (strong acid)

Lithium hydroxide

LiOH (strong base)

Sodium hydroxide

NaOH (strong base)

Potassium hydroxide

KOH (strong base)

Rubidium hydroxide

RbOH (strong base)

Barium hydroxide

Ba(OH)2 (strong base)

Strontium hydroxide

Sr(OH)2 (strong base)

Acetic acid

CH3COOH (weak acid- HA)

Formic acid

HCOOH (weak acid- HA)

Chlorous acid

HClO2 (weak acid- HA)

Hypochlorous acid

HClO (weak acid- HA)

Hydrofluoric acid

HF (weak acid- HA)

Nitrous acid

HNO2 (weak acid- HA)

Cyanic acid

HCN (weak acid- HA)

Sodium acetate

CH3COONa (weak base- A-)

Lithium formate

HCOOLi (weak base- A-)

Potassium fluoride

KF (weak base- A-)

Sodium cyanide

NaCN (weak base- A-)

Potassium chlorite

KClO2 (weak base- A-)

Ammonia

NH3 (weak base- B)

Methyl amine

CH3NH2 (weak base- B)

Benzylamine

C6H5CH3NH2 (weak base- B)

Ammonium chloride

NH4Cl (weak acid- BH+)

Methylammonium bromide

CH3NH3Br (weak acid- BH+)

Benzylammonium nitrate

C6H5CH3NH3NO3 (weak acid- BH+)

Carbonic acid

H2CO3

Sodium bicarbonate

NaHCO3

Rubidium carbonate

Rb2CO3

Phosphoric acid

H3PO4

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate

KH2PO4

Rubidium hydrogen phosphate

Rb2HPO4

Lithium phosphate

Li3PO4

Sodium nitrate

NaNO3

Barium chloride

BaCl2

Borane

BH3

Boron fluoride

BF3

Nickel (II)

Ni+2

Iron (III)

Fe+3

H+

STRONG ACIDS

OH-

STRONG BASES

A- or B

WEAK BASES (-ate, amine, COO- or neutral N")

HA or BH+

WEAK ACIDS (“acid”, ammonium or (+) on N, COOH)