influence of theories and explanations on social policy

WJEC essay plans for the influence of theories and explanations on social policy

social policy

set of guidelines and interventions developed by governments or institutions to regulate and shape society. influenced by various sociological theories and explanations related to crime and deviance.

consensus theories

emphasise the significance of value consensuses in maintaining societal order. social policies often aim to reinforce consensus and discourage behaviours that break societal norms. policies that focus on deterrence or retribution (imprisonment or fines) demonstrate the influence of consensus theories.

conflict theories

Marxist and feminist perspectives, focus on social inequalities that drive crime and deviance. social policy should aim to alleviate these inequalities, which may involve reforms in areas like education, housing, or employment. social policies influenced by conflict theories; initiatives to address income inequality, or legislation to prevent gender discrimination.

interactionist theories

emphasise the role of societal reactions in the definition of crime and deviance. policies need to reduce negative labelling and stigmatisation of certain groups which contribute to cycles of crime. restorative justice programmes, alternative to punitive measures, reflect interactionist influence.

realist theories

right and left realism advocate for practical solutions to lower crime rates. left realists push for social reforms to battle deprivation. right realists push for stronger control methods and punitive actions. comprehensive community programmes aimed at reducing crime (left realism) and harsher policing or sentencing policies (right realism).

evaluating policy influences

often a mix of influences from different theories, moulded by political climate, public sentiment, and resource availability. understanding theories behind policies illuminates rationale behind it and highlights potential strengths and weaknesses. policies influence may stem from a specific theory, effectiveness may differ drastically and so continuous evaluation is needed.