AP GOPO Unit 1 Exam Review

thomas hobbes

believed that people need to give up some of their rights for peace in society

john locke

believed in natural law- all people are born equal

rousseau

believed in social contract, we give up rights for the benefit of society

montesqiueu

believed in limited gov, separation of powers, checks and balances

republicanism

people entitled to life, liberty, and property and cannot be taken away

representative republic

collection of sovereign states gathered for national interest

representative democracy

gov where people elect officials to represent them

participatory democracy

• depends on direct participation of many people

• emphasizes broad involvement in gov

ex. initiates and referendum

pluralist democracy

people with widely varying interests find others who share their interests and organize and unite into interest groups to influence policy making

ex. interest groups and PACs

elite democracy

elected representatives make decisions and act as trustees for those who elected them

ex. our elections

federalists

favored strong centralized government through the ratification of the articles of confederation and consolidation of states (alexander hamilton, james madison, and john jay)

anti federalists

• favored strength in the states

• afraid of tyrannical rule

• opposed ratification

• robert yates and william lansing

faction

• interest group basically

• anti federalists afraid they would dominate political decisions

articles of confederation

• document that laid out the first form of government for the new nation

• states all had separate constitutions but formed together under a single alliance

• decided each state received one vote in the confederation congress

weaknesses of the articles of confederation

• congress could not tax the people

• could not raise/maintain army

• no national currency

• 9 states must agree for national law

• all states must agree to amend the system

• congress could not regulate commerce

shays rebellion

• many farmers lost their farms due to financial issues and attacked the government

• final straw to deciding that the AOC was not strong enough to raise the military and caused them to ratification

constitutional convention

delegates met together to discuss the weaknesses of the AOC and brainstorm the new constitution

virginia plan

• 3 branch system including a bicameral legislature

• made the national government superior to the state governments

• authored largely by james madison

• favored POPULATION, larger states

bicameral

legislature made up of 2 houses

new jersey plan

• favored state government through limited national government with defined powers

• no national court system

• each state had one vote in legislative body

• authored william patterson

• favored small states

the great compromise

• favored both the virginia and new jersey plan

• created a bicameral legislature

  • house- based on population

  • senate- each state received 2 representatives

3/5 compromise

• only 3/5 of the slave population in each state could vote

• slave states wanted them to vote so the state could receive more votes and non slave states disagreed