Unit 6 Gradesavers Kaji

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47 Terms

1

rank-size rule

The rule that describes the relationship between the population size of a city and its rank in the urban system

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2

primate city

A city that far exceeds the population and influence of the next largest city

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3

gravity model

Determines the degree of interaction between two places based on size and distance

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4

Christaller’s Central Place Theory

Theory that Illustrates the hierarchical spatial patterns/order of cities and settlements.

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5

Central Buisness District

The area where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated

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6

Burgess concentric-zone model

A model that shows the land use patterns and growth of a city outside of its CBD

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7

Hoyt sector Model

Model that improves on Burgess’s model by adding direction and spatial arrangement in the form of wedge-shaped sections

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8

Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model

Model that proposes patches of land use patterns each with their own small CBD(nodes) around the main CBD

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9

Galactic City Model

A CBD surrounded by nodes with some CBD functions. The nodes are located in a circle near transportation routes around the CBD

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10

Latin American City Model

A city model with a split CBD, one side with all the businesses and one side with the religious and governmental buildings

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11

Southeast Asian city model

A city model based around the ports and does not have a clearly defined CBD

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12

African City Model

A city model that consists of three different CBDs clustered together and surrounded by squatter settlements

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13

periferico

The outer ring beyond the highway that consists of poverty areas and squatter settlements

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14

Infilling

The process of replacing open space and vacant housing with residencies to reduce urban sprawl and improve the surrounding area

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15

Urban Planning

The process of controlling the growth and changing land use to improve human settlements

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16

filtering

The process where social groups move from one residential area to another, changing the use of the residency(single family home to apartments)

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17

Infrastructure

The basic systems that are needed to support the society and serve the population

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18

Municipality

A local entity all under the same jurisdiction

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19

mixed land use

A land that includes residential and retail spaces

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20

urban walkability

How safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

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21

transportation-oriented development

The creation of pedestrian oriented mixed use communities near mass transit stops

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22

smart-growth policies

Policies to combat urban sprawl and create new sustainable cities that are also equitable

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23

sustainable design initiatives

Initiatives to promote smart growth and green building

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24

sustainable design zoning

Creating zones of areas with smart growth and green building(sustainability)

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25

Greenbelts

Areas of underdeveloped land around an urban area usually created to limit growth and preserve farmland

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26

New Urbanism

A movement that encourages local community development and sustainable growth in urban areas

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27

slow-growth cities

Cities that adopt policies for smart growth to slow and limit the outward spread of urban areas(creates a denser city)

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28

de facto segregation

Segregation that occurs from residential segregation patterns

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29

housing discrimination

The attempts to prevent a person from buying or renting a property because of that person’s race, gender, social class, etc.

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30

redlining

When banks refuse to give loans based on social class, gender, religion, ethnicity, etc.

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31

blockbusting

Usually used by real estate agents, the process was used to rapidly sell white-owned homes at below market prices after black people started to move into the neighborhood.

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32

housing affordability

How easy it is for people of one section of society to afford a housing unit

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33

environmental injustice

The disproportionate exposure of colored people and the poor to environmental burdens like pollution

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34

disamenity zone

The poorest parts of cities that are physically unsafe and disconnected from city services

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35

zone of abandonment

Areas that have been abandoned due to lack of jobs, decline in land values, and falling demand

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36

squatter settlement

residential areas built on undesired/abandoned land and disconnected from city services

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37

land tenure

The legal rights associated with owning land or structures

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38

inclusionary zoning

Where land developers are required set aside a percentage of their housing options in their projects for low-income renters or buyers to receive a building permit

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39

urban renewal

Government policies after WWII to clear out the inner-city slums and build new development projects

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40

gentrification

The process of converting an urban inner-city neighborhood from a low income renter area to a wealthier owner-occupied area of the city

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41

urban sustainability

The ability of a urban area to use its resources responsibly so that future generations can also use those resources

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42

ecological footprint

The impact of human activity on the environment

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43

suburban sprawl

The rapid spread and development outward from the inner city

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44

urban canyons

Streets with tall buildings that intensify wind currents and prevent natural sunlight from reaching the ground

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45

Urban Heat Islands

an area of a city that is warmer than its surrounding areas

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46

Brownfields

Abandoned industrial sites in central cities and suburbs due to the shift from manufacturing to service based economies

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47

Urban redevelopment

Renovating a site within a city by removing its existing landscape and rebuilding the site from the ground up

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