Unit 6 Gradesavers Kaji

rank-size rule

The rule that describes the relationship between the population size of a city and its rank in the urban system

primate city

A city that far exceeds the population and influence of the next largest city

gravity model

Determines the degree of interaction between two places based on size and distance

Christaller’s Central Place Theory

Theory that Illustrates the hierarchical spatial __patterns/order__ of cities and settlements.

Central Buisness District

The area where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated

Burgess concentric-zone model

A model that shows the land use patterns and growth of a city outside of its CBD

Hoyt sector Model

Model that improves on Burgess’s model by adding direction and spatial arrangement in the form of wedge-shaped sections

Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model

Model that proposes patches of land use patterns each with their own small CBD(nodes) around the main CBD

Galactic City Model

A CBD surrounded by nodes with some CBD functions. The nodes are located in a circle near transportation routes around the CBD

Latin American City Model

A city model with a split CBD, one side with all the businesses and one side with the religious and governmental buildings

Southeast Asian city model

A city model based around the ports and does not have a clearly defined CBD

African City Model

A city model that consists of three different CBDs clustered together and surrounded by squatter settlements

periferico

The outer ring beyond the highway that consists of poverty areas and squatter settlements

Infilling

The process of replacing open space and vacant housing with residencies to reduce urban sprawl and improve the surrounding area

Urban Planning

The process of controlling the growth and changing land use to improve human settlements

filtering

The process where social groups move from one residential area to another, changing the use of the residency(single family home to apartments)

Infrastructure

The basic systems that are needed to support the society and serve the population

Municipality

A local entity all under the same jurisdiction

mixed land use

A land that includes residential and retail spaces

urban walkability

How safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

transportation-oriented development

The creation of pedestrian oriented mixed use communities near mass transit stops

smart-growth policies

Policies to combat urban sprawl and create new sustainable cities that are also equitable

sustainable design initiatives

Initiatives to promote smart growth and green building

sustainable design zoning

Creating zones of areas with smart growth and green building(sustainability)

Greenbelts

Areas of underdeveloped land around an urban area usually created to limit growth and preserve farmland

New Urbanism

A movement that encourages local community development and sustainable growth in urban areas

slow-growth cities

Cities that adopt policies for smart growth to slow and limit the outward spread of urban areas(creates a denser city)

de facto segregation

Segregation that occurs from residential segregation patterns

housing discrimination

The attempts to prevent a person from buying or renting a property because of that person’s race, gender, social class, etc.

redlining

When banks refuse to give loans based on social class, gender, religion, ethnicity, etc.

blockbusting

Usually used by real estate agents, the process was used to rapidly sell white-owned homes at below market prices after black people started to move into the neighborhood.

housing affordability

How easy it is for people of one section of society to afford a housing unit

environmental injustice

The disproportionate exposure of colored people and the poor to environmental burdens like pollution

disamenity zone

The poorest parts of cities that are physically unsafe and disconnected from city services

zone of abandonment

Areas that have been abandoned due to lack of jobs, decline in land values, and falling demand

squatter settlement

residential areas built on undesired/abandoned land and disconnected from city services

land tenure

The legal rights associated with owning land or structures

inclusionary zoning

Where land developers are required set aside a percentage of their housing options in their projects for low-income renters or buyers to receive a building permit

urban renewal

Government policies after WWII to clear out the inner-city slums and build new development projects

gentrification

The process of converting an urban inner-city neighborhood from a low income renter area to a wealthier owner-occupied area of the city

urban sustainability

The ability of a urban area to use its resources responsibly so that future generations can also use those resources

ecological footprint

The impact of human activity on the environment

suburban sprawl

The rapid spread and development outward from the inner city

urban canyons

Streets with tall buildings that intensify wind currents and prevent natural sunlight from reaching the ground

Urban Heat Islands

an area of a city that is warmer than its surrounding areas

Brownfields

Abandoned industrial sites in central cities and suburbs due to the shift from manufacturing to service based economies

Urban redevelopment

Renovating a site within a city by removing its existing landscape and rebuilding the site from the ground up