AP Euro Unit 7 Flashcards

Zollverein

A customs union among German states to facilitate trade and economic unity.

Tariffs

Taxes imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries and generate revenue.

Relativity Theory

Einstein's theory explaining the relationship between space, time, and gravity.

Realpolitik

A pragmatic approach to politics focused on practical results rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Anarchism

A political philosophy advocating for a society without government or hierarchical structures.

Social Darwinism

The belief that social progress results from the survival of the fittest in society.

Joint-Stock Investment Banks

Financial institutions that pool resources from multiple investors to fund large projects.

Proletariat

The working class, especially in Marxist theory, viewed as the class that would overthrow capitalism.

Pasteurization

A process of heating liquids to kill harmful bacteria, named after Louis Pasteur.

Napoleon III

The first president of France and later the emperor, known for his role in the Second French Empire.

Crimean War

A conflict from 1853 to 1856 involving Russia against an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Florence Nightingale

A pioneer of modern nursing known for her work during the Crimean War.

Cavour

An Italian statesman who played a key role in the unification of Italy.

Garibaldi

An Italian general and nationalist who contributed to the unification of Italy.

Mazzini

An Italian nationalist leader and advocate for the unification of Italy.

Otto von Bismarck

The German statesman who unified Germany through a series of wars and diplomacy.

Zemstvos

Local self-government institutions in Imperial Russia, established to address local needs.

Karl Marx

A philosopher and economist known for his theories on socialism and communism.

Contagious Diseases Act

A British law aimed at controlling sexually transmitted diseases among women.

Public Health Act of 1875

Legislation in Britain that aimed to improve sanitation and public health.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach developed by Freud that explores unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Dual monarchy in Austria-Hungary

The political structure established in 1867 that created two separate kingdoms under one monarch.

Impressionism

An art movement characterized by loose brushwork and a focus on light and color.

Cubism

An avant-garde art movement that fragmented subjects into geometric shapes and multiple perspectives.

Abstract Painting

A style of art that does not attempt to represent reality but instead uses shapes, colors, and forms.

Suffragists

Individuals advocating for women's rights to vote.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice and discrimination against Jewish people.

Zionism

A movement advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

New Imperialism

A period of colonial expansion by European powers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Friedrich Nietzsche

A philosopher known for his critiques of traditional morality and religion.

Naturalism

A literary and artistic movement that emphasizes realism and the influence of environment on human behavior.

Claude Monet

A French painter and a founder of Impressionism, known for his landscape paintings.

Emmeline Pankhurst

A British suffragette leader who fought for women's right to vote.

Dreyfus Affair

A political scandal in France involving a Jewish army officer falsely accused of treason, highlighting anti-Semitism.

Cecil Rhodes

A British imperialist and businessman known for his role in southern Africa.

Berlin Conference

A meeting in 1884-1885 where European powers divided Africa among themselves without African representation.