BESC 320 Final

What is the reason for acid rain?

Chemical reactions such that NO and SO2 reacts with H2O

What are the major constituents of nutrients in natural water?

Nitrogen and phosphorous

What is the normal pH of unpolluted rainwater?

5-6

Is chelation in wastewater a problem for water treatment or not?

Yes

Is decreasing pH good or bad for aquatic life?

Bad

The stream runs into a “fish kill” when the concentration of dissolved oxygen is

1-2 mg/L

Which lake has a higher value of electrical conductivity?

Great Salt Lake

Which ecosystem do rivers and streams belong to?

Lotic

A private well is typically pulling water from

Ground water

What are the five processes making up the hydrological cycle?

Condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration

What are the usages of water resources?

Industry, agriculture, domestic, energy, recreational

Which of the below uses the biggest percentage of accessible water?

Irrigation

Which of the following is not domestic water usage?

Crop production

Hydropower generation is the only process that uses water in the energy section.

Wrong

Wastewater from industrial operation is always treated appropriately

False

Disadvantages of groundwater withdraw. Select all those apply

Depletion of aquifers, land sinking, hard to treat contamination

Which of the following requires the highest water quality?

Drinking water

In order to feed the increasing population, we could (select all that apply)

Increase the crop intensity, expand the crop production land, increase crop yield

What are the parameters that are commonly used for natural water monitoring?

Dissolved oxygen, planktons, turbidity, fish species

Why is water pH important for aquatic life? (select all that apply)

It determines substances’ solubility, it determines the bioavailability of nutrients, it determines the bioavailability of essential metals and toxic metals

What is the concentration threshold of dissolved oxygen that is stressful for aquatic life?

Lower than 3 mg/mL

How to measure water turbidity?

Measure the light scattering effect based on the suspended particles in water

Which is the following has the highest electrical conductivity?

0\.5 mole/L KCl electrolyte solution

When planning for water sampling in streams, one should consider (select all that apply)

Use the same container for all samples for convenience, sample main current

Which of the following can increase electrical conductivity of natural water? (select all that apply)

Wastewater discharge, agricultural runoff, urban runoff, flooding, events like heavy rain and snowmelt

To perform a water quality evaluation project of natural water, we shall (select all that apply)

Establish the baseline characteristics, establish a spatial and temporal sampling plan, establish a data management plan to set comparison thresholds, determine what are the critical parameters to measure

Conventional wastewater treatment can do the following (select all that apply)

Reduce the organic matter load in water, reduce environmental pollution and improve water quality, reduce human health risks

The primary wastewater treatment process is (select all that apply)

A mechanical process, screen large particles and create a sludge

The secondary wastewater treatment process is (select all that apply)

A biological process, treated with activated sludges

What happens after the settling/sedimentation tank in the primary treatment process (select all that apply)?

Sludges are settled and are pumped out of the tank

How is sludge from wastewater treatment plant disposed? (Select all that apply)

Landfills, incineration, land application, anaerobic digestion

Which of the following can be counted as an on-site wastewater treatment (select all that apply)

Septic tank, man-made lagoon

Most of the wastewater treatment will produce the following(select all that apply)

Drains, sludge

Conventional drinking water treatment include the following steps (select all that apply)

Clarification/coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection

Select the disinfection types that can be used to treat drinking water (select all the apply)

Boiling, filtration, ozonation, chlorination

Drinking water are tested for the following, based on Safe Drinking Water Act (select all the apply)

Disinfection byproducts, *E. coli*, lead

The changes in the source water quality can impact the drinking water treatment process.

True

In a household, which of the following can be used to reduce human lead exposure (potentially leaking from the house plumbings) (Select all the apply)

Pont of use installation of a filter certified to remove lead, drink bottled water

Each water pollutant has an established quantitative safe level for drinking

False

Which of the following pollutants belongs to inorganic water pollutants? (select all that apply)

Lead, uranium

Nitrate contamination in natural water is primarily a result of (select all that apply)

Fertilizer application, sewage

Chemical pesticides have the same persistence in the environment after application.

False

Which of the following represents an advantage of modern pesticide? (Select all that apply)

Rapid impacts, increase crop production yield, protect human health by eliminating pathogens

Which of the following receives more pesticide application per area in the US?

Lawn

Which of the following is added to drinking water, but too much can lead to reverse health issues? (select all that apply)

Disinfection reagent, florine

Thermal pollution occurs when

Heated water is released to waterways

Irrigation uses the biggest percentage of accessible water.

True

The primary wastewater treatment process: (select all that apply)

Is a mechanical process, screens large particles and create sludge

What of the below pH range may indicate the water is polluted? (select all that apply)

0-1, 10-11, 11-12

What is the concentration threshold of dissolved oxygen that is stressful for aquatic life?

Lower than 3 mg/mL

At what concentration that a “fish kill” will happen in a stream?

1-2 mg/L

Which of the following belongs to domestic water usage? (select all that apply)

Drinking, lawn maintenance, laundry

Which of the following is introduced to drinking water, but too much can lead to reverse health issues? (select all that apply)

Disinfection reagent, florine

What of the following may present in the natural water? (select all that apply)

Iron and sulfur ions, nitrogen and phosphorous, pesticides, calcium and carbonates

Which ecosystem do rivers and stream belong to?

Lotic

The aquatic life may be stressful when (select all that apply)

Normal pH increases, dissolved oxygen is depleted, huge agricultural runoff

Which of the following has the lowest value of electrical conductivity?

Lake superior

What is the reason for acid rain?

Chemical reactions such that NO and SO2 reacts with H2O

What are the usages of water resources? (select all that apply)

Industry, agriculture, domestic, energy, recreational

Disadvantages of groundwater withdraw. (Select all that apply)

Depletion of aquifers, land sinking, hard to treat contamination

Advantages of using indicator organisms (compared with pathogen testing) to test water quality (select all that apply)

Requires less water volumes, less complex testing settings, easier to detect

Which of the following statement is true?

FDA regulates bottled water, EPA regulates tap water from facility that serves more than 100,000 people

Which of the following is used to test radioactivity substances for drinking water standards?

Gross Alpha

Which of the following pollutants belongs to inorganic water pollutants? (select all that apply)

Lead, uranium

Thermal pollution occurs when:

Heated water is released to waterways

What are the five processes making up the hydrological cycle?

Evapotranspiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, infiltration

Waters of the US includes (select all that apply)

Beach water of the pacific ocean off of California, Mississippi River, Hoover Dam reservoir

Which of the following is right (select all that apply)

Riparian doctrine originates from England: “Common Law”, riparian users are entitled to “reasonable use,” which may cause some diminution of streamflow

Most of the western states are following

Appropriation Doctrine

The Clean Water Act (select all that apply)

Established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the US, gave EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs

Which of the following belongs to environmental exposure routes? (select all that apply)

Breathing polluted air, drinking contaminated water, eat contaminated food, exposed to a very high dose of radioactive substances in the environment

Which of the following is an agent for waterborne diseases (select all that apply)

Hepatitis A, cholera, pathogenic E. coli (O157:H7), legionella

There are many biological agent that can be both foodborne and waterborne

True

Which of the following TX state agencies/organizations oversee water rights transfer? (select all that apply)

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)

Waterborne diseases are always infectious diseases

No

Drinking water contaminated with low level of toxins (select all that apply)

Represents exposure risk for chronical diseases, can be mitigated if the source is identified , can be identified if properly tested

Chlorination of drinking water (select al that apply)

Successfully decreased the waterborne disease infection rate, can lead to chemical residues in water, should be monitored for its effectiveness, is regulated by EPA in public water supplies

For John Snow’s investigation of cholera outbreaks in London, which of the following helped him to develop his hypothesis? (select all that apply)

It was important to identify the disease clusters, the disease rate was higher in one environment (population) than the other, he had prior knowledge about similar outbreaks

Human population biomonitoring measures

Target analytes in the human body

Wastewater treatment can effectively remove all organic compounds from the wastewater

False

Which of the following can be a potential source of chemical contamination in water?

Direct release of chemical products into the environment, manufacturer’s site and mishandling of their products, landfills and leachates from the landfills, wastewater treatment effluent

To reduce the risk of legionella outbreak, we can (select all that apply):

Conduct active surveillance for water testing, properly maintain equipment that handles water distribution