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What is the reason for acid rain?
Chemical reactions such that NO and SO2 reacts with H2O
What are the major constituents of nutrients in natural water?
Nitrogen and phosphorous
What is the normal pH of unpolluted rainwater?
5-6
Is chelation in wastewater a problem for water treatment or not?
Yes
Is decreasing pH good or bad for aquatic life?
Bad
The stream runs into a “fish kill” when the concentration of dissolved oxygen is
1-2 mg/L
Which lake has a higher value of electrical conductivity?
Great Salt Lake
Which ecosystem do rivers and streams belong to?
Lotic
A private well is typically pulling water from
Ground water
What are the five processes making up the hydrological cycle?
Condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration
What are the usages of water resources?
Industry, agriculture, domestic, energy, recreational
Which of the below uses the biggest percentage of accessible water?
Irrigation
Which of the following is not domestic water usage?
Crop production
Hydropower generation is the only process that uses water in the energy section.
Wrong
Wastewater from industrial operation is always treated appropriately
False
Disadvantages of groundwater withdraw. Select all those apply
Depletion of aquifers, land sinking, hard to treat contamination
Which of the following requires the highest water quality?
Drinking water
In order to feed the increasing population, we could (select all that apply)
Increase the crop intensity, expand the crop production land, increase crop yield
What are the parameters that are commonly used for natural water monitoring?
Dissolved oxygen, planktons, turbidity, fish species
Why is water pH important for aquatic life? (select all that apply)
It determines substances’ solubility, it determines the bioavailability of nutrients, it determines the bioavailability of essential metals and toxic metals
What is the concentration threshold of dissolved oxygen that is stressful for aquatic life?
Lower than 3 mg/mL
How to measure water turbidity?
Measure the light scattering effect based on the suspended particles in water
Which is the following has the highest electrical conductivity?
0.5 mole/L KCl electrolyte solution
When planning for water sampling in streams, one should consider (select all that apply)
Use the same container for all samples for convenience, sample main current
Which of the following can increase electrical conductivity of natural water? (select all that apply)
Wastewater discharge, agricultural runoff, urban runoff, flooding, events like heavy rain and snowmelt
To perform a water quality evaluation project of natural water, we shall (select all that apply)
Establish the baseline characteristics, establish a spatial and temporal sampling plan, establish a data management plan to set comparison thresholds, determine what are the critical parameters to measure
Conventional wastewater treatment can do the following (select all that apply)
Reduce the organic matter load in water, reduce environmental pollution and improve water quality, reduce human health risks
The primary wastewater treatment process is (select all that apply)
A mechanical process, screen large particles and create a sludge
The secondary wastewater treatment process is (select all that apply)
A biological process, treated with activated sludges
What happens after the settling/sedimentation tank in the primary treatment process (select all that apply)?
Sludges are settled and are pumped out of the tank
How is sludge from wastewater treatment plant disposed? (Select all that apply)
Landfills, incineration, land application, anaerobic digestion
Which of the following can be counted as an on-site wastewater treatment (select all that apply)
Septic tank, man-made lagoon
Most of the wastewater treatment will produce the following(select all that apply)
Drains, sludge
Conventional drinking water treatment include the following steps (select all that apply)
Clarification/coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection
Select the disinfection types that can be used to treat drinking water (select all the apply)
Boiling, filtration, ozonation, chlorination
Drinking water are tested for the following, based on Safe Drinking Water Act (select all the apply)
Disinfection byproducts, E. coli, lead
The changes in the source water quality can impact the drinking water treatment process.
True
In a household, which of the following can be used to reduce human lead exposure (potentially leaking from the house plumbings) (Select all the apply)
Pont of use installation of a filter certified to remove lead, drink bottled water
Each water pollutant has an established quantitative safe level for drinking
False
Which of the following pollutants belongs to inorganic water pollutants? (select all that apply)
Lead, uranium
Nitrate contamination in natural water is primarily a result of (select all that apply)
Fertilizer application, sewage
Chemical pesticides have the same persistence in the environment after application.
False
Which of the following represents an advantage of modern pesticide? (Select all that apply)
Rapid impacts, increase crop production yield, protect human health by eliminating pathogens
Which of the following receives more pesticide application per area in the US?
Lawn
Which of the following is added to drinking water, but too much can lead to reverse health issues? (select all that apply)
Disinfection reagent, florine
Thermal pollution occurs when
Heated water is released to waterways
Irrigation uses the biggest percentage of accessible water.
True
The primary wastewater treatment process: (select all that apply)
Is a mechanical process, screens large particles and create sludge
What of the below pH range may indicate the water is polluted? (select all that apply)
0-1, 10-11, 11-12
What is the concentration threshold of dissolved oxygen that is stressful for aquatic life?
Lower than 3 mg/mL
At what concentration that a “fish kill” will happen in a stream?
1-2 mg/L
Which of the following belongs to domestic water usage? (select all that apply)
Drinking, lawn maintenance, laundry
Which of the following is introduced to drinking water, but too much can lead to reverse health issues? (select all that apply)
Disinfection reagent, florine
What of the following may present in the natural water? (select all that apply)
Iron and sulfur ions, nitrogen and phosphorous, pesticides, calcium and carbonates
Which ecosystem do rivers and stream belong to?
Lotic
The aquatic life may be stressful when (select all that apply)
Normal pH increases, dissolved oxygen is depleted, huge agricultural runoff
Which of the following has the lowest value of electrical conductivity?
Lake superior
What is the reason for acid rain?
Chemical reactions such that NO and SO2 reacts with H2O
What are the usages of water resources? (select all that apply)
Industry, agriculture, domestic, energy, recreational
Disadvantages of groundwater withdraw. (Select all that apply)
Depletion of aquifers, land sinking, hard to treat contamination
Advantages of using indicator organisms (compared with pathogen testing) to test water quality (select all that apply)
Requires less water volumes, less complex testing settings, easier to detect
Which of the following statement is true?
FDA regulates bottled water, EPA regulates tap water from facility that serves more than 100,000 people
Which of the following is used to test radioactivity substances for drinking water standards?
Gross Alpha
Which of the following pollutants belongs to inorganic water pollutants? (select all that apply)
Lead, uranium
Thermal pollution occurs when:
Heated water is released to waterways
What are the five processes making up the hydrological cycle?
Evapotranspiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, infiltration
Waters of the US includes (select all that apply)
Beach water of the pacific ocean off of California, Mississippi River, Hoover Dam reservoir
Which of the following is right (select all that apply)
Riparian doctrine originates from England: “Common Law”, riparian users are entitled to “reasonable use,” which may cause some diminution of streamflow
Most of the western states are following
Appropriation Doctrine
The Clean Water Act (select all that apply)
Established the basic structure for regulating pollutant discharges into the waters of the US, gave EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs
Which of the following belongs to environmental exposure routes? (select all that apply)
Breathing polluted air, drinking contaminated water, eat contaminated food, exposed to a very high dose of radioactive substances in the environment
Which of the following is an agent for waterborne diseases (select all that apply)
Hepatitis A, cholera, pathogenic E. coli (O157:H7), legionella
There are many biological agent that can be both foodborne and waterborne
True
Which of the following TX state agencies/organizations oversee water rights transfer? (select all that apply)
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)
Waterborne diseases are always infectious diseases
No
Drinking water contaminated with low level of toxins (select all that apply)
Represents exposure risk for chronical diseases, can be mitigated if the source is identified , can be identified if properly tested
Chlorination of drinking water (select al that apply)
Successfully decreased the waterborne disease infection rate, can lead to chemical residues in water, should be monitored for its effectiveness, is regulated by EPA in public water supplies
For John Snow’s investigation of cholera outbreaks in London, which of the following helped him to develop his hypothesis? (select all that apply)
It was important to identify the disease clusters, the disease rate was higher in one environment (population) than the other, he had prior knowledge about similar outbreaks
Human population biomonitoring measures
Target analytes in the human body
Wastewater treatment can effectively remove all organic compounds from the wastewater
False
Which of the following can be a potential source of chemical contamination in water?
Direct release of chemical products into the environment, manufacturer’s site and mishandling of their products, landfills and leachates from the landfills, wastewater treatment effluent
To reduce the risk of legionella outbreak, we can (select all that apply):
Conduct active surveillance for water testing, properly maintain equipment that handles water distribution