Networking Fundamentals: LAN/WAN/MAN, OSI Model, and Topologies

Vocabulary flashcards covering key network concepts from the lecture notes, including network types, the OSI model, and common topologies.

LAN (Local Area Network)

A network that covers a small geographical area (e.g., within a building or campus) with high data transfer rates.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

A network that spans a large geographical area with slower data transfer rates, often managed by multiple organizations.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A network that covers a larger area than a LAN, typically a city, interconnecting multiple LANs.

OSI Model

A conceptual seven-layer framework for network communication that divides tasks into Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application layers.

Physical Layer

Layer 1: Handles the transmission of raw bit streams over a physical medium; defines voltages, cabling, connectors, and timing.

Data Link Layer

Layer 2: Provides node-to-node transfer, error detection and correction, and manages access to the physical medium (MAC addressing and frames).

Network Layer

Layer 3: Responsible for routing packets between networks; logical addressing and path determination.

Transport Layer

Layer 4: Ensures end-to-end communication, reliability, flow control, error handling, and segmentation.

Session Layer

Layer 5: Manages sessions between applications, including establishment, maintenance, and termination of connections.

Presentation Layer

Layer 6: Translates, encrypts/decrypts, and compresses data between the application and the network.

Application Layer

Layer 7: Provides network services directly to end-user applications and interfaces for programs (e.g., web browsers, email).

Bus Topology

Topology where all devices connect to a single central cable with terminators at both ends; easy and cheap but limited in scalability and length.

Star Topology

Topology where all devices connect to a central hub; hub forwards data; easy to install/manage but hub failure can bring down the whole network.

Hub (Network Hub)

Central device in a star topology that repeats and forwards signals between connected devices.

Terminator

Device placed at the ends of a bus to prevent signal reflections and maintain signal integrity.